Previous research indicated that the rolling shear properties of
European beech wood (Fagus sylvatica) are considerably higher than those
of softwood. The aim of the presented investigation was to substantiate
previous data on rolling shear modulus and strength of European beech
wood and to further evaluate its substitution of softwoods in
applications where shear properties are influential, namely as cross
layers in cross-laminated timber (CLT). Further, the effect of the
annual ring orientation within the boards on shear modulus and strength
was of major interest. The beech specimens comprised four different
sawing patterns, classified unambiguously with reference to the pith
location. The shear properties were determined by 50, two-plate shear
tests with specimen cross-section dimensions of 33 mm x 135 mm. A mean
rolling shear modulus of 370 N mm(-2) was obtained, whereby no
significant detrimental effect for pith boards with cracks was observed.
In agreement with continuum mechanics, the semi-quarter-sawn boards
revealed the highest shear moduli whereas the quarter-sawn boards showed
roughly 30\% lower values. The mean rolling shear strength was 5.6 N
mm(-2) for all specimens, whereby pith specimens resulted in generally
lower values. The 5\% quantile, disregarding pith specimens, was 4.5 N
mm(-2). In conclusion, the rolling shear strength and modulus exceed the
respective characteristic values for softwoods by roughly factors of 5
and 7, indicating great potential for beech wood cross-layers in CLT.
FNR, Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.V. within the ERA-WoodWisdom
project ``European hardwoods for the building sector (EU Hardwoods)''
22004014; German Association of glulam manufacturers
The work was financially supported by FNR, Fachagentur Nachwachsende
Rohstoffe e.V., contract 22004014 within the ERA-WoodWisdom project
``European hardwoods for the building sector (EU Hardwoods)''. Further
the financial support by German Association of glulam manufacturers is
gratefully acknowledged.
%0 Journal Article
%1 ISI:000380774900010
%A Aicher, Simon
%A Christian, Zachary
%A Hirsch, Maren
%C GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY
%D 2016
%I WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH
%J HOLZFORSCHUNG
%K (CLT); European beech; density; modulus; off-axis pattern; properties; rolling sawing shear strength; test} timber two-plate {cross-laminated
%N 8
%P 773-781
%R 10.1515/hf-2015-0229
%T Rolling shear modulus and strength of beech wood laminations
%V 70
%X Previous research indicated that the rolling shear properties of
European beech wood (Fagus sylvatica) are considerably higher than those
of softwood. The aim of the presented investigation was to substantiate
previous data on rolling shear modulus and strength of European beech
wood and to further evaluate its substitution of softwoods in
applications where shear properties are influential, namely as cross
layers in cross-laminated timber (CLT). Further, the effect of the
annual ring orientation within the boards on shear modulus and strength
was of major interest. The beech specimens comprised four different
sawing patterns, classified unambiguously with reference to the pith
location. The shear properties were determined by 50, two-plate shear
tests with specimen cross-section dimensions of 33 mm x 135 mm. A mean
rolling shear modulus of 370 N mm(-2) was obtained, whereby no
significant detrimental effect for pith boards with cracks was observed.
In agreement with continuum mechanics, the semi-quarter-sawn boards
revealed the highest shear moduli whereas the quarter-sawn boards showed
roughly 30\% lower values. The mean rolling shear strength was 5.6 N
mm(-2) for all specimens, whereby pith specimens resulted in generally
lower values. The 5\% quantile, disregarding pith specimens, was 4.5 N
mm(-2). In conclusion, the rolling shear strength and modulus exceed the
respective characteristic values for softwoods by roughly factors of 5
and 7, indicating great potential for beech wood cross-layers in CLT.
@article{ISI:000380774900010,
abstract = {{Previous research indicated that the rolling shear properties of
European beech wood (Fagus sylvatica) are considerably higher than those
of softwood. The aim of the presented investigation was to substantiate
previous data on rolling shear modulus and strength of European beech
wood and to further evaluate its substitution of softwoods in
applications where shear properties are influential, namely as cross
layers in cross-laminated timber (CLT). Further, the effect of the
annual ring orientation within the boards on shear modulus and strength
was of major interest. The beech specimens comprised four different
sawing patterns, classified unambiguously with reference to the pith
location. The shear properties were determined by 50, two-plate shear
tests with specimen cross-section dimensions of 33 mm x 135 mm. A mean
rolling shear modulus of 370 N mm(-2) was obtained, whereby no
significant detrimental effect for pith boards with cracks was observed.
In agreement with continuum mechanics, the semi-quarter-sawn boards
revealed the highest shear moduli whereas the quarter-sawn boards showed
roughly 30\% lower values. The mean rolling shear strength was 5.6 N
mm(-2) for all specimens, whereby pith specimens resulted in generally
lower values. The 5\% quantile, disregarding pith specimens, was 4.5 N
mm(-2). In conclusion, the rolling shear strength and modulus exceed the
respective characteristic values for softwoods by roughly factors of 5
and 7, indicating great potential for beech wood cross-layers in CLT.}},
added-at = {2017-05-18T11:32:12.000+0200},
address = {{GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY}},
affiliation = {{Aicher, S (Reprint Author), Univ Stuttgart, Mat Testing Inst, Timber Construct, Pfaffenwaldring 4b, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
Aicher, Simon; Christian, Zachary; Hirsch, Maren, Univ Stuttgart, Mat Testing Inst, Timber Construct, Pfaffenwaldring 4b, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.}},
author = {Aicher, Simon and Christian, Zachary and Hirsch, Maren},
author-email = {{simon.aicher@mpa.uni-stuttgart.de}},
biburl = {https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/20dcfc5f3a6d7b12b0391a0ffcd5ebc5c/hermann},
doi = {{10.1515/hf-2015-0229}},
eissn = {{1437-434X}},
funding-acknowledgement = {{FNR, Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.V. within the ERA-WoodWisdom
project ``European hardwoods for the building sector (EU Hardwoods){''}
{[}22004014]; German Association of glulam manufacturers}},
funding-text = {{The work was financially supported by FNR, Fachagentur Nachwachsende
Rohstoffe e.V., contract 22004014 within the ERA-WoodWisdom project
``European hardwoods for the building sector (EU Hardwoods){''}. Further
the financial support by German Association of glulam manufacturers is
gratefully acknowledged.}},
interhash = {b9e4931a23c8045d08d17a405b1a0b20},
intrahash = {0dcfc5f3a6d7b12b0391a0ffcd5ebc5c},
issn = {{0018-3830}},
journal = {{HOLZFORSCHUNG}},
keywords = {(CLT); European beech; density; modulus; off-axis pattern; properties; rolling sawing shear strength; test} timber two-plate {cross-laminated},
language = {{English}},
month = {{AUG}},
number = {{8}},
number-of-cited-references = {{22}},
pages = {{773-781}},
publisher = {{WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH}},
research-areas = {{Forestry; Materials Science}},
times-cited = {{0}},
timestamp = {2017-05-18T09:32:12.000+0200},
title = {{Rolling shear modulus and strength of beech wood laminations}},
type = {{Review}},
volume = {{70}},
web-of-science-categories = {{Forestry; Materials Science, Paper \& Wood}},
year = {{2016}}
}