Abstract
Industrial biotechnological production is developing rapidly worldwide.
Consequently, more and novel bioprocesses need to perform optimally not
only in small lab- but also in large production scales. This article
shortly reviews typical impacts found when cells are exposed to micro
environmental heterogeneities typically occurring in poorly mixed large
scale production reactors. The current state-of-the-art of tool
development is presented for analyzing these phenomena. Finally, still
open questions are formulated and needs for future research are outlined
to further support the expansion of biotech industries by successful
research results. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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