PUMA publications for /group/simtech/compressionTue Jul 19 11:10:29 CEST 2022Frontiers in Physiology01The Effect of Multidirectional Loading on Contractions of the M. Medial Gastrocnemius112021sonography dynamics muscle load transverse contraction architecture compression ultrasound Tue Jul 19 11:10:29 CEST 2022Acta Biomaterialia10453--465Age-dependent mechanical and microstructural properties of the rabbit soleus muscle1342021Semi-confined Soleus tissue characteristics cuniculus Microstructural Axial tests Age-dependent Inspo muscle Oryctolagus Morphometry Siebert compression properties During growth there are serious changes in the skeletal muscles to compensate for the changed requirements in terms of body weight and size. In this study, the age-dependent (between 21 and 100 days) mechanical and microstructural properties of rabbit soleus muscle tissue were investigated. For this purpose, morphological properties (animal mass, soleus muscle mass, tibial length) were measured at 5 different times during aging. On the other hand, fibre orientation-dependent axial and semi-confined compression experiments were realised. In addition, the essential components (muscle fibres, extracellular matrix, remaining components), dominating the microstructure of muscle tissue, were analysed. While the mechanical results show hardly any age-dependent differences, the morphological and microstructural results show clear age-dependent differences. All morphological parameters increase significantly (animal mass by 839.2%, muscle mass 1050.6%, tibial length 233.6%). In contrast, microstructural parameters change differently. The percentage of fibres (divided into slow-twitch (ST) and fast-twitch (FT) fibres) increases significantly (137.6%), while the proportions of the extracellular matrix and the remaining components (48.2% and 46.1%) decrease. At the same time, the cross-sectional area of the fibres increases significantly (697.9%). The totality of this age-dependent information provides a deeper understanding of age-related changes in muscle structure and function and may contribute to successful development and validation of growth models in the future. Statement of significance This article reports the first comprehensive data set on age-dependent morphological (animal mass, soleus muscle mass, tibial length), mechanical (axial and semi-confined compression), and microstructural (muscle fibres, extracellular matrix, remaining components) properties of the rabbit soleus muscle. On the one hand, the results of this study contribute to the understanding of muscle mechanics and thus to understanding of load transfer mechanisms inside the muscle tissue during growth. On the other hand, these results are relevant to the fields of constitutive formulation of age-dependent muscle tissue.Thu May 18 11:32:12 CEST 2017{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND}{CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS}{OCT 15}{1007-1018}{Hybrid cross-laminated timber plates with beech wood cross-layers}{Article}{124}{2016}Finite (CLT); Compression Shear Spruce shear (Picea analysis; (Fagus abies); Rolling gamma-Method; method} {Cross-laminated analogy sylvatica); Beech element Bending test; timber wood strength; modulus; {A hybrid, three-layered, softwood-hardwood cross-laminated timber build-up with outer layers of European spruce (Picea abies) and a center cross-layer of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) has been investigated with regard to out-of-plane bending. The determination of the rolling shear properties of the beech cross-layer performed by different test and measurement methods comprising bending and compression shear tests was of primary interest. The shear capacity of the composite is significantly influenced by the spruce longitudinal shear strength at the beech-spruce interface. The characteristic values of rolling shear modulus and strength of the beech cross-layer from the bending tests were G(r), mean = 350 N/mm(2) and f(v,r,05) = 2.6 N/mm(2), respectively. Direct strain gauge measurements and compression shear tests resulted in 10-20\% higher values. The high rolling shear properties render the shear lag implications of the softwood CLTs to a negligible quantity. The hybrid build-up can be designed as a rigid composite with small error versus a more exact analysis. The novel investigations reveal the great potential of mixed softwood-hardwood CLT build-ups for structural elements in the building sector, (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}