{ "types" : { "Bookmark" : { "pluralLabel" : "Bookmarks" }, "Publication" : { "pluralLabel" : "Publications" }, "GoldStandardPublication" : { "pluralLabel" : "GoldStandardPublications" }, "GoldStandardBookmark" : { "pluralLabel" : "GoldStandardBookmarks" }, "Tag" : { "pluralLabel" : "Tags" }, "User" : { "pluralLabel" : "Users" }, "Group" : { "pluralLabel" : "Groups" }, "Sphere" : { "pluralLabel" : "Spheres" } }, "properties" : { "count" : { "valueType" : "number" }, "date" : { "valueType" : "date" }, "changeDate" : { "valueType" : "date" }, "url" : { "valueType" : "url" }, "id" : { "valueType" : "url" }, "tags" : { "valueType" : "item" }, "user" : { "valueType" : "item" } }, "items" : [ { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/20ef15dba4aab4c6ab2a46269a05f990f/petraheim", "tags" : [ "2025","bechert","develpment","engineering","itke","segmented","shell","structural","system","timber" ], "intraHash" : "0ef15dba4aab4c6ab2a46269a05f990f", "interHash" : "9da2d51483d44283efd76fa966ca6884", "label" : "Structural Development of Semented Timber Shell Systems", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2026-01-13 16:31:40", "changeDate" : "2026-01-13 16:32:04", "count" : 2, "pub-type": "phdthesis", "series": "Forschungsberichte aus dem Institut für Tragkonstruktionen und Konstruktives Entwerfen, Universität Stuttgart","publisher":"Institut für Tragkonstruktionen und Konstruktives Entwerfen, Universität Stuttgart","address":"Stuttgart", "year": "2025", "url": "", "author": [ "Simon Bechert" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"} ], "volume": "51","pages": "349","abstract": "In response to the growing global challenges of climate change, resource scarcity, and urbanisation, there is an increasing demand for sustainable and material-efficient building systems. Segmented timber shell systems offer a promising solution by combining modularity,structural lightness, and the efficient use of renewable materials\r\nwith advanced digital design and fabrication technologies.\r\nThis dissertation develops an integrative structural design methodology to advance segmented timber shells as viable solutions for large-span architecture.\r\nChapter one introduces the research motivation and context,establishing the relevance of segmented timber shells as a future-oriented building system. Chapter two reviews the state of the art, tracing the evolution of shell structures and highlighting the potential of modular, lightweight timber construction within\r\nsustainable architecture. Segmented timber shells synergise these fields as a contemporary alternative in the context of an evolving built environment.\r\nChapter three formulates three Research Objectives (ROs) addressing key challenges in the design, engineering, and construction of segmented timber shells. These objectives form the basis for the Research Methods (RM1\u2013RM3) outlined in chapter four,which translate them into fundamental developments and innovations\r\nfor integrative structural design of segmented timber shell systems.\r\nThe core contributions are documented in peer-reviewed publications, each supported by full-scale demonstrators: the ITECH Research Demonstrator 2015\u201316, the Urbach Tower, the BUGA Wood Pavilion, and the livMatS Biomimetic Shell. Chapter five summarises these publications and their contributions to the\r\noverarching research framework.Chapter six discusses the research results (RR1\u2013RR3), demonstrating the structural viability, life cycle performance, and industrial scalability of segmented timber shells. The work shows how interdisciplinary co-design, performance-driven structural assessment, nd automated prefabrication strategies enable the realisation of modular, lightweight timber shell structures.\r\nFinally, chapter seven concludes with a critical reflection on the contributions and limitations of the research and outlines the future potential of segmented timber shells in large-scale architectural applications, bridging the gap between experimental\r\nresearch and construction practice.", "isbn" : "978-3-922302-51-3", "language" : "eng", "bibtexKey": "bechert2025structural" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/267e8404fbc10f975ea15471aa7afa70e/petraheim", "tags" : [ "2019","BUGA","Bundesgartenschau","Heilbronn","Lightweight","aldinger","alvarez","bechert","engineering","groenevolt","itke","knippers","krieg","menges","segmented","shell","sonntag","timber","wagner" ], "intraHash" : "67e8404fbc10f975ea15471aa7afa70e", "interHash" : "f286722941aaf120f329a8b37a694087", "label" : "Lightweight segmented timber shell for the Bundesgartenschau 2019 in Heilbronn", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2025-06-11 13:17:47", "changeDate" : "2025-06-11 13:17:47", "count" : 3, "pub-type": "inproceedings", "booktitle": "Form and Force: Proceedings of the International Association for Spactial Structures Annual Symposia 2019 Barcelona", "year": "2019", "url": "", "author": [ "Daniel Sonntag","Lotte Aldinger","Simon Bechert","Martin Alvarez","Abel Groenewolt","Oliver-David Krieg","Hans Jakob Wagner","Jan Knippers","Achim Menges" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Daniel", "last" : "Sonntag"}, {"first" : "Lotte", "last" : "Aldinger"}, {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"}, {"first" : "Martin", "last" : "Alvarez"}, {"first" : "Abel", "last" : "Groenewolt"}, {"first" : "Oliver-David", "last" : "Krieg"}, {"first" : "Hans Jakob", "last" : "Wagner"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"}, {"first" : "Achim", "last" : "Menges"} ], "number": "October","pages": "1--8","abstract": "Segmented timber shells offer the possibility of constructing long span, double curved shell structures efficiently and economically. This was demonstrated with the Landesgartenschau Exhibition Hall 2014 in Schwäbisch Gmünd [1], a prefabricated segmented timber shell made of planar beech plywood plates. However, the application of this construction method for larger spans and more general shell geometries requires further technical development of the construction system, of its associated fabrication methods, and of the methods for form finding and optimisation. This paper presents the development and construction of the wood pavilion for the Bundesgartenschau (Federal garden exhibition, BUGA) 2019 in Heilbronn, which translates these technical developments into practice. Solid timber panels were replaced by a recently developed multi-layer cassette system. The 376 geometrically unique elements of the multi-layer segmented shell were produced of spruce laminated veneer lumber plates, which were assembled, glued, and milled in a fully automated process by two collaborative industrial robots. The shell segments are connected using a combination of the previously established CNC-milled finger-joints [2] as well as regularly spaced steel bolts. Custom design and analysis tools were developed, in order to manage varying material thicknesses, spacing of fasteners and geometric details of the connections between adjacent segments.", "venue" : "Barcelona", "eventdate" : "7.-10.10.2019", "eventtitle" : "IASS Annual Symposium 2019 \u2013 Structural Membranes 2019", "file" : ":C\\:/Users/ac128044/Google Drive/ICD_Wagner/01_Publikationen/PUBLICATION_COLLECTION/2019_IASS.pdf:pdf", "bibtexKey": "Sonntag2019" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/269c00823335f2b52a32b3a9d7cc857fa/petraheim", "tags" : [ "2024","Biomimetic","Computational","Shell","bairi","bechert","case","constructions","design","environmental","fabrication","göbel","itke","knippers","lauer","leistner","livMatS","menges","opgenorth","quality","robotic","sawodny","schlopschnat","skoury","stark","study","the","timber","treml","wagner","wood","wortmann" ], "intraHash" : "69c00823335f2b52a32b3a9d7cc857fa", "interHash" : "292770d0d737f584adb8c49a193af975", "label" : "Computational design and robotic fabrication for high environmental quality timber constructions: the livMatS Biomimetic Shell case study", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2025-06-11 13:09:40", "changeDate" : "2025-06-11 13:09:40", "count" : 9, "pub-type": "dataset", "publisher":"DaRUS", "year": "2024", "url": "https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-4434", "author": [ "Roberta Di Bari","Anja Patricia Regina Lauer","Christoph Schlopschnat","Simon Treml","Nils Opgenorth","Lior Skoury","Tim Stark","Simon Bechert","Monika Göbel","Hans Jakob Wagner","Dylan Wood","Philip Leistner","Jan Knippers","Achim Menges","Oliver Sawodny","Thomas Wortmann" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Roberta", "last" : "Di Bari"}, {"first" : "Anja Patricia Regina", "last" : "Lauer"}, {"first" : "Christoph", "last" : "Schlopschnat"}, {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Treml"}, {"first" : "Nils", "last" : "Opgenorth"}, {"first" : "Lior", "last" : "Skoury"}, {"first" : "Tim", "last" : "Stark"}, {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"}, {"first" : "Monika", "last" : "Göbel"}, {"first" : "Hans Jakob", "last" : "Wagner"}, {"first" : "Dylan", "last" : "Wood"}, {"first" : "Philip", "last" : "Leistner"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"}, {"first" : "Achim", "last" : "Menges"}, {"first" : "Oliver", "last" : "Sawodny"}, {"first" : "Thomas", "last" : "Wortmann"} ], "abstract": "The dataset includes the raw data and the corresponding report for the life cycle assessment of the building demonstrator 'livMatS Biomimetic Shell' (Website).The pressure on the construction industry to reduce its environmental impact is leading practitioners to investigate the use of more sustainable materials, such as timber. Still, due to its limited availability, it is questioned to which degree timber could substitute steel and concrete, and strategies to reduce its consumption are necessary. The Cluster of Excellence \u201CIntCDC\u201D investigates novel approachesto sustainable architecture. These exploit integrative computational design and automatic fabrication. These have been showcased in the livMatS Biomimetic Shell, for which a hollow timber cassette has been realized. In this study, the Lifecycle Assessment (LCA) analysis evaluated the developed cassette's environmental profile compared with other functionally equivalent systems. The analyses showed that the livMatS Biomimetic Shell reduced material consumption by 51% and a Global Warming Potential (GWP) 39% lower than conventional timber construction. Optimized fabrication processes allowed for emissions reduction by 60% in comparison with a solid cross-laminated timber box.", "version" : "V1", "bibtexKey": "darus-4434_2024" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/2a3314a2930f8c4c5750746112105f0c1/petraheim", "tags" : [ "2025","aicher","assessment","balangé","bechert","circular","construction","engineering","fabrication","gorokhova","göbel","itke","knippers","lightweight","menges","modular","relocation","robotic","schwieger","segmented","shell","structural","structure","timber" ], "intraHash" : "a3314a2930f8c4c5750746112105f0c1", "interHash" : "3bcb77135d3940acf326ac917532f269", "label" : "Segmented Timber Shells for Circular Construction: Relocation, Structural Assessment, and Robotic Fabrication of a Modular, Lightweight Timber Structure", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2025-06-11 11:46:41", "changeDate" : "2025-06-11 11:46:41", "count" : 7, "pub-type": "article", "journal": "Buildings", "year": "2025", "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/11/1857", "author": [ "Simon Bechert","Simon Aicher","Lyudmila Gorokhova","Laura Balangé","Monika Göbel","Volker Schwieger","Achim Menges","Jan Knippers" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"}, {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Aicher"}, {"first" : "Lyudmila", "last" : "Gorokhova"}, {"first" : "Laura", "last" : "Balangé"}, {"first" : "Monika", "last" : "Göbel"}, {"first" : "Volker", "last" : "Schwieger"}, {"first" : "Achim", "last" : "Menges"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"} ], "volume": "15","number": "11","abstract": "Segmented timber shells present a novel building system that utilizes modular, planar building components to create lightweight free-form structures in architecture. Recent advancements in the research field of segmented timber shells pursue, among others, two fundamentally opposing research objectives. 1. The modularity of their building components facilitates the reuse of such structures in response to a changing built environment. 2. Advanced developments aim at establishing segmented timber shells as permanent building structures for sustainable architecture. This paper addresses the first research objective through the successful relocation of the BUGA Wood Pavilion in the context of the proposed methodology of Co-Design for circular construction. The methods and results involve integrative design and engineering processes and advanced quality assessment methods, including structural, geodetic, and physical properties for modular timber constructions. The BUGA Wood Pavilion serves as a building demonstrator for the presented research on segmented shells as lightweight, reusable, and durable timber structures.", "issn" : "2075-5309", "article-number" : "1857", "doi" : "10.3390/buildings15111857", "bibtexKey": "buildings15111857" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/2b2d16668eeb8b003f3644421f5707020/petraheim", "tags" : [ "2023","architecture","curved","hygroshell","itke","kiesewetter","knippers","körner","menges","self-shaping","shell","situ","takahashi","timber","wood" ], "intraHash" : "b2d16668eeb8b003f3644421f5707020", "interHash" : "7ccfc659b13cd3cb1b2037816e90a07b", "label" : "HYGROSHELL \u2013 In Situ Self-shaping of Curved Timber Shells", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2023-10-30 15:05:11", "changeDate" : "2023-10-30 15:05:11", "count" : 6, "pub-type": "inbook", "booktitle": "Advances in Architectural Geometry 2023","series": "De Gruyter STEM","publisher":"De Gruyter", "year": "2023", "url": "", "author": [ "Dylan Wood","Laura Kiesewetter","Axel Körner","Kenryo Takahashi","Jan Knippers","Achim Menges" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Dylan", "last" : "Wood"}, {"first" : "Laura", "last" : "Kiesewetter"}, {"first" : "Axel", "last" : "Körner"}, {"first" : "Kenryo", "last" : "Takahashi"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"}, {"first" : "Achim", "last" : "Menges"} ], "editor": [ "Kathrin Dörfler","Jan Knippers","Achim Menges","Stefana Parascho","Helmut Pottmann","Thomas Wortmann" ], "editors": [ {"first" : "Kathrin", "last" : "Dörfler"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"}, {"first" : "Achim", "last" : "Menges"}, {"first" : "Stefana", "last" : "Parascho"}, {"first" : "Helmut", "last" : "Pottmann"}, {"first" : "Thomas", "last" : "Wortmann"} ], "pages": "43-54","abstract": "Curved, surface-active, shell structures are known for material efficiency and slenderness but typically require complex manufacturing and formwork in combination with intricate on-site construction processes. The presented research proposes an alternative approach: a self-shaping building system for deploying lightweight, curved surface structures made from timber. The system uses the inherent hygromorphic properties of wood which naturally shrinks through drying. This anisotropic shape change is embedded into large-scale bilayer sheets - produced, machined, and shingle clad in a flat state with their later curved shape and connection detailing physically programmed within the material build-ups. When placed on-site, these sheets actuate through air drying to a final curved and interlocked geometry. Geometrically the structure is integratively designed from variable single curved surfaces using key material parameters (end grain angle and moisture content change) within a material stock, in relation to both the self-shaping and the final structural configuration. Each surface is modeled in the curved state using a board specific algorithmic calculation of curvature potential in parallel to a flat fabrication model. Emphasis is placed on investment in early-stage planning and intelligent material arrangement as a method to produce useful curvature. As a result, the curved shell shapes and interlocks without formwork or external mechanical force, with little onsite work. The outcome is a lightweight, longspan roof structure built from single curved wood surfaces with a thin cross-laminated build up. The project demonstrates a tangible new method of low impact, light touch self-construction and an ecologically effective use of material and geometry.", "isbn" : "9783111160115", "language" : "eng", "doi" : "https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111162683-004", "bibtexKey": "wood2023hygroshell" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/2340afc5fafcc77a807e2074ea66f5655/petraheim", "tags" : [ "2021","aldinger","bechert","buga","computational","design","engineering","fabrication","finger","form-finding","heilbronn","integrative","itke","joints","knippers","lightweight","methods","modular","optimization","plate","robotic","segmented","shell","sonntag","structure","timber" ], "intraHash" : "340afc5fafcc77a807e2074ea66f5655", "interHash" : "6e81c9dcb5cfe86b6b5e6c16652f2c05", "label" : "Integrative structural design and engineering methods for segmented timber shells : BUGA Wood Pavilion", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2023-03-27 12:30:50", "changeDate" : "2023-05-16 11:39:36", "count" : 5, "pub-type": "article", "journal": "Structures","publisher":"Elsevier", "year": "2021", "url": "", "author": [ "Simon Bechert","Daniel Sonntag","Lotte Aldinger","Jan Knippers" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"}, {"first" : "Daniel", "last" : "Sonntag"}, {"first" : "Lotte", "last" : "Aldinger"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"} ], "volume": "34","number": "December","pages": "4814-4833","abstract": "The presented research describes the holistic development of a modular lightweight timber shell. So-called segmented timber shells approximate curved geometries with the use of planar plates, thus combining the excellent structural performance of double curved shells with the resource-efficient prefabrication of timber modules using only planar elements. Segmented timber shells constitute a novel building system that demands for innovative approaches on structural design and construction technologies. The geometric complexity of plate shells in conjunction with the particularities of the building material wood pose great challenges to the computational design and planning processes as structural requirements and fabrication constraints determine the shell design at early design phases. This paper discusses the design development and construction of the BUGA Wood Pavilion: A segmented timber shell structure made of hollow cassette components. Particular\r\nemphasis lies on the technical challenges of the employed building system, notably structural design and analysis, detailing solutions and the construction process. The authors further describe the integrative structural design and optimization methods developed for the timber shell in question. The BUGA Wood Pavilion demonstrates\r\nthe possibilities of lightweight and sustainable wood architecture merging the merits of integrative design, structural engineering and high-tech robotic fabrication methods.", "language" : "eng", "doi" : "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.10.032", "bibtexKey": "bechert2021integrative" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/2d622e52f974e29312c6c7b9c202c5205/petraheim", "tags" : [ "2021","aag","architecture","bodea","cfrp","christie","components","coreless","coreless-wound","fabrication","fabrication-aware","filigree","itke","knippers","material","menges","optimisation","shape","shell","slab","solly" ], "intraHash" : "d622e52f974e29312c6c7b9c202c5205", "interHash" : "be8fe74aa26f4d7345880ffaa62a0d40", "label" : "Filigree Shell Slabs: Material and Fabrication-aware Shape Optimisation for CFRP Coreless- wound Slab Components", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2021-07-08 12:44:42", "changeDate" : "2021-07-08 10:52:17", "count" : 4, "pub-type": "inbook", "booktitle": "Advances in Architectural Geometry 2020", "year": "2021", "url": "", "author": [ "Jorge Christie","Serban Bodea","James Solly","Achim Menges","Jan Knippers" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Jorge", "last" : "Christie"}, {"first" : "Serban", "last" : "Bodea"}, {"first" : "James", "last" : "Solly"}, {"first" : "Achim", "last" : "Menges"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"} ], "editor": [ "O. Baverel","C. Douthe","R. Mesnil","C. Mueller","H. Pottman","T. Tachi" ], "editors": [ {"first" : "O.", "last" : "Baverel"}, {"first" : "C.", "last" : "Douthe"}, {"first" : "R.", "last" : "Mesnil"}, {"first" : "C.", "last" : "Mueller"}, {"first" : "H.", "last" : "Pottman"}, {"first" : "T.", "last" : "Tachi"} ], "pages": "244-263.","abstract": "In recent years, the coreless filament winding (CFW) technique has gained attraction due to its capacity to effectively realize large-scale lightweight building components out of fibre-reinforced composites. However, the sequential nature of its filament- based production process imposes a series of design constraints that restrain the use of this technique in new typologies and applications. The current research introduces a novel shape optimisation-to-fabrication method that expands the scope of CFW to- wards the production of load-bearing components for slabs. A multi-stage workflow is proposed, integrating parametric design, shape optimisation, stress-driven mate- rial layup, and fabrication to ensure a high level of consistency between form and materialization. The research is presented in two phases. The first phase explores the use of shape optimisation to comprehend the underlying logic of shell forms capable of performing under the specific requirements of the slab scenario. The sec- ond phase integrates the inherent conditions of the material, formwork system, and robotic filament winding process into a seamless design-to-manufacturing workflow. The research resulted in a 10.2 kg prototype of a slab load-bearing structure that withstood a load of 559 kg while spanning 2.7 m, demonstrating the effectiveness of the approach.", "isbn" : "978-2-85978-540-6", "language" : "eng", "bibtexKey": "jorge2021filigree" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/256f7eeb6dfd39c95c668f124ea0fb989/petraheim", "tags" : [ "2021","CLT","Timber","aldinger","architecture","bechert","computational","connection","cross-laminated","crossing-screw","curved","design","digital","engineering","fabrication","folded","integrative","itke","knippers","lightweight","menges","self-shaping","shell","structure","surface-active","tower","urbach","wood" ], "intraHash" : "56f7eeb6dfd39c95c668f124ea0fb989", "interHash" : "aad8f6d70032f2e6ebd1aa44175ecd70", "label" : "Urbach Tower: Integrative structural design of a lightweight structure made of self-shaped curved cross-laminated timber", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2021-07-06 10:40:17", "changeDate" : "2021-07-06 08:40:17", "count" : 6, "pub-type": "article", "journal": "Structures","publisher":"ELSEVIER SCI LTD", "year": "2021", "url": "", "author": [ "Simon Bechert","Lotte Aldinger","Dylan Wood","Jan Knippers","Achim Menges" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"}, {"first" : "Lotte", "last" : "Aldinger"}, {"first" : "Dylan", "last" : "Wood"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"}, {"first" : "Achim", "last" : "Menges"} ], "volume": "33","pages": "3667--3681","abstract": "Recent development in research and practice for curved cross-laminated timber (CLT) opens up novel and interesting possibilities for applications of slender surface-active shell structures in architecture. Such typologies provide advantageous structural behaviour allowing for efficient and lightweight structures while simultaneously determine the envelope and space of a building. The high degree of prefabrication combined with a sustainable and renewable building material makes CLT an ecological and economic solution for future construction. This paper presents the design development and construction of the Urbach Tower for the Remstal Gartenschau 2019: a structure made from high curvature CLT components on a building scale. This research contribution illustrates a sophisticated integrative design to construction process emphasizing computational and structural design, fabrication and detailing for curved timber components in complex spatial structures. The authors further explore the structural potential of self-shaped curved CLT investigating the influence of curvature radius on the load-bearing behaviour of the tower structure. The Urbach Tower translates these technical developments into practice arising at the intersection of digital innovation and scientific research.", "language" : "eng", "doi" : "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.06.073", "bibtexKey": "bechert2021urbach" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/20020eae2b770d080d9986e1a193a79d5/petraheim", "tags" : [ "Itke","NFRP","absorption","acoustic","architecture","biocomposites","biomat","composites","dahy","design","extrusion","for","functionality","furniture","lignocellulosic-based","molding","multi","post-fabrication","resin-bath","segmented","shell","sustainability","sustainable" ], "intraHash" : "0020eae2b770d080d9986e1a193a79d5", "interHash" : "05e8563d8ef9b99a18af42efff1f34cf", "label" : "Natural Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites (NFRP) Fabricated from Lignocellulosic Fibres for Future Sustainable Architectural Applications, Case Studies: Segmented-Shell Construction, Acoustic Panels, and Furniture", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2020-11-20 14:24:14", "changeDate" : "2020-11-20 13:24:14", "count" : 7, "pub-type": "electronic", "journal": "Sensors","address":"Basel", "year": "2019", "url": "", "author": [ "Hanaa Dahy" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Hanaa", "last" : "Dahy"} ], "volume": "19","number": "3","pages": "738","abstract": "Due to the high amounts of waste generated from the building industry field, it has become essential to search for renewable building materials to be applied in wider and more innovative methods in architecture. One of the materials with the highest potential in this area is natural fibre-reinforced polymers (NFRP), which are also called biocomposites, and are filled or reinforced with annually renewable lignocellulosic fibres. This would permit variable closed material cycles\u2019 scenarios and should decrease the amounts of waste generated in the building industry. Throughout this paper, this discussion will be illustrated through a number of developments and 1:1 mockups fabricated from newly developed lignocellulosic-based biocomposites from both bio-based and non-bio-based thermoplastic and thermoset polymers. Recyclability, closed materials cycles, and design variations with diverse digital fabrication technologies will be discussed in each case. The mock-ups\u2019 concepts, materials\u2019 compositions, and fabrication methods are illustrated. In the first case study, a structural segmented shell construction is developed and constructed. In the second case study, acoustic panels were developed. The final case studies are two types of furniture, where each is developed from a different lignocellulosic-based biocomposite. All of the presented case studies show diverse architectural design possibilities, structural abilities, and physical building characteristics.", "language" : "eng", "doi" : "doi: 10.3390/s19030738", "bibtexKey": "dahy2019natural" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/280750a53841da58bf077174d6a26b426/petraheim", "tags" : [ "DfD","architecture","bending-active","biomat","biomimetic","building","dahy","digital","end-of-life","fabrication","green","itke","life-cycle","materials","scenarios","segmented","shell","structures","sustainable" ], "intraHash" : "80750a53841da58bf077174d6a26b426", "interHash" : "8e7a11c23156d8f3578f9456b5442165", "label" : "Materials as a Design Tool\u2019 Design Philosophy Applied in Three Innovative Research Pavilions Out of Sustainable Building Materials with Controlled End-Of-Life Scenarios", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2020-11-20 14:10:56", "changeDate" : "2020-11-20 13:17:25", "count" : 5, "pub-type": "article", "journal": "Buildings", "year": "2019", "url": "", "author": [ "Hanaa Dahy" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Hanaa", "last" : "Dahy"} ], "volume": "9","number": "3","pages": "64","abstract": "Choosing building materials is usually the stage that follows design in the architectural design process, and is rarely used as a main input and driver for the design of the whole building\u2019s geometries or structures. As an approach to have control over the environmental impact of the applied building materials and their after-use scenarios, an approach has been initiated by the author through a series of research studies, architectural built prototypes, and green material developments. This paper illustrates how sustainable building materials can be a main input in the design process, and how digital fabrication technologies can enable variable controlling strategies over the green materials\u2019 properties, enabling adjustable innovative building spaces with new architectural typologies, aesthetic values, and controlled martial life cycles. Through this, a new type of design philosophy by means of applying sustainable building materials with closed life cycles is created. In this paper, three case studies of research pavilions are illustrated. The pavilions were prefabricated and constructed from newly developed sustainable building materials. The applied materials varied between structural and non-structural building materials, where each had a controlled end-of-life scenario. The application of the bio-based building materials was set as an initial design phase, and the architects here participated within two disciplines: once as designers, and additionally as green building material developers. In all three case studies, Design for Deconstruction (DfD) strategies were applied in different manners, encouraging architects to further follow such suggested approaches.", "doi" : "https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings9030064", "bibtexKey": "dahy2019materials" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/23f44e6b0351ce2b2083e413a47e82d49/petraheim", "tags" : [ "2019","bechert","bending-driven","christie","corrugation","design","dynamic","funnel","itke","knippers","shell","solly" ], "intraHash" : "3f44e6b0351ce2b2083e413a47e82d49", "interHash" : "303eb129f438438740d1b724cde6e60a", "label" : "Bending-driven Dynamic Corrugation for a Funnel Shell Design", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2020-08-26 14:22:57", "changeDate" : "2020-08-26 12:22:57", "count" : 3, "pub-type": "inproceedings", "booktitle": "Proceedings of the IASS Annual Symposium 2019 \u2013 Structural Membranes 2019","address":"Barcelona, Spain", "year": "2019", "url": "", "author": [ "Jorge Christie","Jonathan James Solly","Simon Bechert","Jan Knippers" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Jorge", "last" : "Christie"}, {"first" : "Jonathan James", "last" : "Solly"}, {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"} ], "editor": [ "C. Lázaro","K.-U. Bletzinger","E. Oñate" ], "editors": [ {"first" : "C.", "last" : "Lázaro"}, {"first" : "K.-U.", "last" : "Bletzinger"}, {"first" : "E.", "last" : "Oñate"} ], "pages": "2627\u20132634","abstract": "Funicular shells are known to be an efficient design paradigm for self-weight-driven structural surfaces [1]. Nevertheless, the rules that govern funicularity offer a fairly constrained design spectrum, limiting the scope of application for these structures [2]. The principle of corrugation has proven to be an effective approach to enable efficient structural performance in non-funicular thin shells [3]. The research presented in this paper explores the use of corrugation methods for shells in the context of a computational and structural design workflow. As an extension to existing methods, the authors introduce work on Dynamic Corrugation, a strategy for increasing bending and buckling performance on non-funicular global designs by modulating the undulation of their surfaces according to bending stress distribution.\r\nThe bending-driven dynamic corrugation method was developed during the Form and Structure seminar of the ITECH programme at the University of Stuttgart and was evaluated through the design of a non-funicular funnel shell in textile concrete. The method consists of a two-step Shape Optimization workflow that integrates NURBS-based surface generation with FEA and a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA). In a first step of the design workflow, the initial design surface is analyzed to give its bending energy vector field. This field then serves as the source to generate a modulation curve passing through the areas of peak bending stresses. This curve then regulates the frequency, amplitude, and influence of local bending on the corrugation. The MOGA is given control over these variables and attempts to minimize both bending moment and displacements, offering a wide spectrum of performances and expressions along the emerging Pareto front. Simultaneously, the introduction of local curvature is evaluated on its capacity to improve the buckling resistance and to allow reductions in material thickness. The presented iterative approach is incorporated in a computational design framework. A series of Dynamic Corrugation-optimized shell samples are then compared with the initial non-corrugated design showing great structural (improved bending and buckling resistance), as well as economical and ecological (material savings) potential. Further, the expressive value of dynamically corrugated shells is deemed as a contribution to the aesthetic value of a design proposal for a small infrastructural building.", "language" : "eng", "bibtexKey": "christie2019bendingdriven" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/29fa32fdbc6429900820d9a550952ad85/petraheim", "tags" : [ "2010","advanced","diss","dissertation","engineering","forschungsbericht","grid","hwang","investigation","itke","shell","spatial","structure" ], "intraHash" : "9fa32fdbc6429900820d9a550952ad85", "interHash" : "d0b08347c5da29bf15f973866384be2f", "label" : "Advanced Investigations of Grid Spatial Structures", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2020-06-24 14:07:20", "changeDate" : "2021-07-01 13:01:14", "count" : 2, "pub-type": "phdthesis", "series": "Forschungsberichte aus dem Institut für Tragkonstruktionen und Konstruktives Entwerfen","publisher":"Stuttgart: Institut für Tragkonstruktionen und Konstruktives Entwerfen","address":"ITKE, Stuttgart, Germany", "year": "2010", "url": "", "author": [ "Kyung-Ju Hwang" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Kyung-Ju", "last" : "Hwang"} ], "editor": [ "Jan Knippers" ], "editors": [ {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"} ], "volume": "31","abstract": "Free-form grid spatial structures and facades that follow the envelope surface of a complex-shaped skin, such as the DZ-Bank in Berlin (Frank 0. Gehry), the British Museum in London (Norman Foster), the My Zeil in Frankfurt (Massimiliano Fuksas), have become a very interesting issue in modern architecture. There are several important factors in such single layer lattice dome and complex-shaped spatial structures, for instance, optimal form finding and strong material strength and so forth, but the optimal design and analysis of connection are significant points in free-form spatial structures, because such extraordinary geometries and its continuously changing curvature can be defined by the angles of the connections' geometries, and the stiffness of connection can determine the stability of the whole free-form structure. Therefore, it is very important to recognize that the appropriate analysis and connection design have to be performed, in order to design the reasonable global single layer spatial structure and free-form spatial structures.\r\nGeneral procedures\r\nFor the FEA of four connection systems, bending stiffness (My and Mz) and axial force (F) tests were performed. These analyses include the modeling of the bolt assembly, the contact stiffness and the influence of bolt clearances, which were considered using two parameters, such that D..V=0.1 mm and 2.0mm. Due to a specific function of COMBIN39 in ANSYS, the moment-rotation behaviors and load-displacement curves could be transferred to nonlinear spring elements in global grid shells with 25 m and 50 m span that have three different rise-span ratios (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3), to realize the non linear characteristics of the connection systems.\r\n\r\nResults\r\nConnection system having two shear planes showed higher stiffness than those with one shear plane. On the other hand, node connectors with one shear plane were not as influenced by differing bolt-holes as those with two shear planes due to shape-of-joint behaviour. Secondly, the low connection stiffness with initial geometrical imperfection easily leads membrane stress to bending stress, so that the critical point of the grid shell occurred with low load failure factor. The influence of bolt clearance depends mainly on the node stiffness and rise-span ratio. The overall structural behavior of an imperfect high-rise grid shell can be very sensitive, displaying a large deviation of bending stiffness due to bolt clearances.", "isbn" : "978-3-922302-31-5", "language" : "eng", "bibtexKey": "hwang2010advanced" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/24227971b3516b084125d1b37e8dcbac0/petraheim", "tags" : [ "2012","algorithm","architecture","based","dimcic","diss","dissertation","engineering","forschungsbericht","from:petraheim","genetic","grid","itke","optimisation","optimization","shell","structural" ], "intraHash" : "4227971b3516b084125d1b37e8dcbac0", "interHash" : "62f2af1051cae336f6d6ec10e72fed49", "label" : "Structural Optimization of Grid Shells based on Genetic Algorithms", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2020-06-24 13:42:52", "changeDate" : "2021-07-01 13:01:33", "count" : 2, "pub-type": "phdthesis", "series": "Forschungsberichte aus dem Institut für Tragkonstruktionen und Konstruktives Entwerfen","publisher":"Stuttgart: Institut für Tragkonstruktionen und Konstruktives Entwerfen","address":"ITKE, Stuttgart, Germany", "year": "2012", "url": "", "author": [ "Milos Dimcic" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Milos", "last" : "Dimcic"} ], "editor": [ "Jan Knippers" ], "editors": [ {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"} ], "volume": "32","abstract": "In the 21st century, as free form design gains popularity, free-form grid shells are becoming a universal structural solution, enabling merger of structure and facade into a single layer - a skin [31]. The subject of the presented work is the optimization of grid structures over some predefined free form shape, with the goal of generating\r\na stable and statically efficient structure. It is shown how combining design and FEM software in an iterative, Genetic Algorithms based, optimization process, stress and displacements in grid shell structures can be significantly reduced, whereby material can be saved and stability enhanced.\r\nWithin this research, design and static analysis software are combined in order to perform a statical optimization of grid shells,generated over a given free form surface. A plug-in for Rhinoceros 3D (software based on NURBS [44] geometry representation) is developed, that uses Genetic Algorithms as an optimization method and implements automated iterative calls to Oasys GSA (commercial FEM static analysis software) in order to generate a statically optimal grid shell. To make this possible, within this research some new types of automatic grid generation are developed. Voronoi\r\ndiagrams [11] were used together with the adapted Force-Density method [38] to develop a new type of grid structure that we called Voronax. In the presented work it was shown that, using the same free form surface, and using the same number of joints and structural members, we can generate much more efficient grid shells,\r\nwhen compared to the standard (uniform) grid structures, simply by modifying the structural grid, i.e., rearranging the structural members of the grid shell.\r\nThe work presented offers an explanation of the entire method and how it can be constructed. The results of the experiments are there to prove its efficiency and credibility. Once it is proved that the method works, its application can take various forms and be left to the creativity of the user and the requirements of the\r\nspecific project.", "isbn" : "978-3-922302-32-2", "language" : "eng", "bibtexKey": "dimcic2012structural" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/226f1ec9390a0245dacb4b4e464bbec11/petraheim", "tags" : [ "2017","acttively","analysis","bent","diss","dissertation","engineering","form-finding","forschungsbericht","grid","itke","li","plate","segmental","shell","structural","structure","timber" ], "intraHash" : "26f1ec9390a0245dacb4b4e464bbec11", "interHash" : "b63b7f1729a68f2d49cf78422af4e9de", "label" : "Timber Shell Structures: Form-finding and Structural Analysis of Actively Bent Grid Shells and Segmental Plate Shells", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2020-06-23 16:38:28", "changeDate" : "2021-07-01 13:04:36", "count" : 2, "pub-type": "phdthesis", "series": "Forschungsberichte aus dem Institut für Tragkonstruktionen und Konstruktives Entwerfen","publisher":"Stuttgart: Institut für Tragkonstruktionen und Konstruktives Entwerfen","address":"ITKE, Stuttgart, Germany", "year": "2017", "url": "", "author": [ "Li. Jian-Min" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Li.", "last" : "Jian-Min"} ], "editor": [ "Jan Knippers" ], "editors": [ {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"} ], "volume": "42","abstract": "Shell structures are structurally efficient but difficult to manufacture and thus expansive. Actively bent grid shells and segmental plate shells could be alternatives. The first kind utilizes bended members to form a continuously curved geometry and thus reduce the complexity of the joints. The second kind utilizes the stability inherited in trivalent geometries to be able to build a shell without using bending stiff joints. Both these two types of timber shell structures could largely reduce the construction cost. That is why they are chosen as the research topics. The dynamic relaxation method (DR) is applied in this research as an important numerical method. It is used as the fundamental base for developing the form-finding tools of both actively bent grid shells\r\nand the segmental grid shells. A solver capable of the structural analysis of beam system is also developed here based on DR. Through the text, we show that DR could handle not only form-finding problems but also geometrically nonlinear analysis.\r\nThe dissertation consists of four parts. Part I is the introduction. Part II and Part III present both the form-finding and analysis techniques of these two types of timber shell structures. The last part is the conclusions.", "isbn" : "978-3-922302-42-1", "language" : "eng", "bibtexKey": "jianmin2017timber" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/2946c9bbd52a2286eee41919fe871dd04/petraheim", "tags" : [ "2019","actuated","architecture","bonavia","design","grid","gridshell","initial","itke","knippers","körner","load","method","modeling","modelling","point","shell","vecvagare","wood" ], "intraHash" : "946c9bbd52a2286eee41919fe871dd04", "interHash" : "261193b0887bc4dca8cd387a63061a0e", "label" : "Point load Actuated Adaptive Gridshells: Methods for initial design and modeling", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2020-05-20 15:25:33", "changeDate" : "2020-06-02 10:01:27", "count" : 3, "pub-type": "inproceedings", "booktitle": "Proceedings of IASS Annual Symposium 2019 \u2013 Structural Membranes 2019 Form and Force","address":"Barcelona, Spain", "year": "2019", "url": "", "author": [ "Elaine Bonavia","S. Vecvagare","Axel Körner","Dylan Wood","Jan Knippers" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Elaine", "last" : "Bonavia"}, {"first" : "S.", "last" : "Vecvagare"}, {"first" : "Axel", "last" : "Körner"}, {"first" : "Dylan", "last" : "Wood"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"} ], "language" : "eng", "bibtexKey": "bonavia2019point" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/29470bf93ca131f02876a99d3b394aebf/petraheim", "tags" : [ "2019","Baszynski","Habraken","biobased","biocomposite","biomat","bos","curved","dahy","development","double","element","erection","fabrication","itke","pavilion","petrs","segmented","shell","teuffel" ], "intraHash" : "9470bf93ca131f02876a99d3b394aebf", "interHash" : "db57be918529b3fd4242a5e43df0f5b6", "label" : "BioMat Pavilion 2018: Development, Fabrication, and Erection of a Double Curved Segmented Shell from Biocomposite Elements", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2020-05-20 15:05:58", "changeDate" : "2021-07-01 13:11:34", "count" : 2, "pub-type": "inproceedings", "booktitle": "Proceedings of IASS Annual Symposium 2019 \u2013 Structural Membranes 2019 Form and Force","address":"Barcelona, Spain", "year": "2019", "url": "", "author": [ "Hanaa Dahy","Jan Petrs","D.H. Bos","Piotr Baszynski","P. H.W. Habraken","Pattrick M. Teuffel" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Hanaa", "last" : "Dahy"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Petrs"}, {"first" : "D.H.", "last" : "Bos"}, {"first" : "Piotr", "last" : "Baszynski"}, {"first" : "P. H.W.", "last" : "Habraken"}, {"first" : "Pattrick M.", "last" : "Teuffel"} ], "language" : "eng", "bibtexKey": "dahy2019biomat" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/23deeb5503876f4dd0bc18ac935a3d134/petraheim", "tags" : [ "2019","architecture","baszynski","biobased","biocomposite","biomat","construction","dahy","design","development","erection","experimental","itke","material","pavilion","petrs","segmented","shell" ], "intraHash" : "3deeb5503876f4dd0bc18ac935a3d134", "interHash" : "24dbb6b5e98ad35d0d91085c5c1b55d2", "label" : "Experimental Biocomposite Pavilion: Segmented Shell Construction - Design, Material Development, and Erection", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2020-05-20 14:20:56", "changeDate" : "2020-06-02 10:07:21", "count" : 4, "pub-type": "inproceedings", "booktitle": "Proceedings of ACADIA 2019: the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture","address":"Austin, Texas, USA", "year": "2019", "url": "", "author": [ "Hanaa Dahy","Piotr Baszynski","Jan Petrs" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Hanaa", "last" : "Dahy"}, {"first" : "Piotr", "last" : "Baszynski"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Petrs"} ], "language" : "eng", "bibtexKey": "dahy2019experimental" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/23c2ec097195960820df11e523ad2ca74/petraheim", "tags" : [ "2018","affordance","bechert","compleity","evaluation","groenewolt","horn","itke","knippers","krieg","menges","process","production","robotic","segmented","shell","structure","timber" ], "intraHash" : "3c2ec097195960820df11e523ad2ca74", "interHash" : "4850b340964db8c28cc95ec331f0500c", "label" : "Affordances of Complexity: Evaluation of a Robotic Production Process for Segmented Timber Shell Structures", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2020-05-20 14:08:08", "changeDate" : "2020-06-02 10:07:21", "count" : 2, "pub-type": "inproceedings", "booktitle": "WCTE, Proceedings of the 2018 World Conference on Timber Engineering","address":"Seoul, Korea", "year": "2018", "url": "", "author": [ "Oliver D. Krieg","Simon Bechert","Abel Groenewolt","Raphael Horn","Jan Knippers","Achim Menges" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Oliver D.", "last" : "Krieg"}, {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"}, {"first" : "Abel", "last" : "Groenewolt"}, {"first" : "Raphael", "last" : "Horn"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"}, {"first" : "Achim", "last" : "Menges"} ], "pages": "1 - 8", "language" : "eng", "bibtexKey": "krieg2018affordances" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/2a8508b43d995b88b9c602320897b81d8/petraheim", "tags" : [ "2018","architecture","bechert","fibrous","garufi","itke","joint","knippers","lightweight","menges","schwinn","segmented","shell","timber","wagner","wood" ], "intraHash" : "a8508b43d995b88b9c602320897b81d8", "interHash" : "ea779fb30dfada461162c917014edc50", "label" : "Fibrous Joints for Lightweight Segmented Timber Shells", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2020-05-20 14:01:47", "changeDate" : "2020-06-02 10:07:21", "count" : 4, "pub-type": "inproceedings", "booktitle": "RCA Conference 2018","address":"Kaiserslautern, Germany", "year": "2018", "url": "", "author": [ "Dominga Garufi","Hans Jakob Wagner","Tobias Schwinn","Dylan Wood","Simon Bechert","Achim Menges","Jan Knippers" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Dominga", "last" : "Garufi"}, {"first" : "Hans Jakob", "last" : "Wagner"}, {"first" : "Tobias", "last" : "Schwinn"}, {"first" : "Dylan", "last" : "Wood"}, {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"}, {"first" : "Achim", "last" : "Menges"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"} ], "language" : "eng", "bibtexKey": "garufi2018fibrous" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/2af6a011c45d52bf62bd060276dbec7c1/petraheim", "tags" : [ "2018","architecture","bechert","construction","groenewolt","itke","knippers","krieg","menges","performance","segmented","shell","structural","structure","system","timber" ], "intraHash" : "af6a011c45d52bf62bd060276dbec7c1", "interHash" : "b44e4fde9651578fa5f3e8f5d667e097", "label" : "Structural Performance of Construction Systems for Segmented Timber Shell Structures", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2020-05-20 13:54:34", "changeDate" : "2020-06-02 10:07:21", "count" : 2, "pub-type": "inproceedings", "booktitle": "Proceedings of the IASS Annual Symposium 2018 Creativity in Structural Design","address":"Boston, USA", "year": "2018", "url": "", "author": [ "Simon Bechert","Abel Groenewolt","Oliver D. Krieg","Achim Menges","Jan Knippers" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"}, {"first" : "Abel", "last" : "Groenewolt"}, {"first" : "Oliver D.", "last" : "Krieg"}, {"first" : "Achim", "last" : "Menges"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"} ], "language" : "eng", "bibtexKey": "bechert2018structural" } ] }