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         "type" : "Publication",
         "id"   : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/2a70a1bb855cb75359687bbf56b636a5a/huebleriac",         
         "tags" : [
            "acidic","aerobic","alc","aliph","bipyridine","bipyrimidine","catalyst","catalyst;iridium","catalytic","complex","cycle","hydride","intermediate","iridium","mechanism","oxidn","oxidn;alc"
         ],
         
         "intraHash" : "a70a1bb855cb75359687bbf56b636a5a",
         "interHash" : "1d6d20436ecd0087f6639caccc4e5df1",
         "label" : "Acidic iridium hydrides: Implications for aerobic and Oppenauer oxidation of alcohols",
         "user" : "huebleriac",
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         "pub-type": "article",
         "journal": "Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom)",
         "year": "2006", 
         "url": "", 
         
         "author": [ 
            "Anders Gabrielsson","Piet van Leeuwen","Wolfgang. Kaim"
         ],
         "authors": [
         	
            	{"first" : "Anders",	"last" : "Gabrielsson"},
            	{"first" : "Piet",	"last" : "van Leeuwen"},
            	{"first" : "Wolfgang.",	"last" : "Kaim"}
         ],
         "number": "47","pages": "4926--4927","abstract": "[Cp*Ir(Cl)(bpym)]+ (bpym = 2,2'-bipyrimidine) and [Cp*Ir(Cl)(bpy)]+ are the 1st examples of Ir based catalysts for the aerobic oxidn. of alcs.  The mechanism for aerobic oxidn. of aliph. alcs. to aldehydes is discussed; the catalytic cycle proceeds via the acidic hydrides [Cp*Ir(H)(bpym)]+ or [Cp*Ir(H)(bpy)]+.  Deprotonation of the hydride leads to a highly oxygen-sensitive IrI species that regenerate the IrIII complexes upon oxidn. with dioxygen. [on SciFinder(R)]",
         "issn" : "1359-7345",
         
         "doi" : "10.1039/b610857a",
         
         "bibtexKey": "Gabrielsson.2006"

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         "label" : "Complexes with 2,2'-azobis(pyridine) and related 'S-frame' bridging ligands containing the azo function",
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         "pub-type": "article",
         "journal": "Coordination Chemistry Reviews",
         "year": "2001", 
         "url": "", 
         
         "author": [ 
            "W. Kaim"
         ],
         "authors": [
         	
            	{"first" : "W.",	"last" : "Kaim"}
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         "volume": "219-221","pages": "463--488","abstract": "A review of properties of complexes with 2,2'-azobis(pyridine) and related 'S-frame' bridging ligands contg. the azo function.  Bridging ligands involving the azo group -N:N- as coordinating p acceptor function can yield dinuclear complexes with unusual electronic and structural features.  In particular, 2,2'-azobis(pyridine) (abpy) as formally derived from the ubiquitous 2,2'-bipyridine ligand is now known to form a variety of complexes.  The strong electronic interaction between the ligand and one or two metal centers was 1st noted in 1969 by Baldwin, Lever and Parish.  Among the special properties of such systems are several easily accessible oxidn. states, long-wavelength charge-transfer absorptions, relatively small metal-metal distances, various forms of isomerism, and the stability of radical intermediates and/or mixed-valent states. [on SciFinder(R)]",
         "issn" : "0010-8545",
         
         "doi" : "10.1016/S0010-8545(01)00347-2",
         
         "bibtexKey": "Kaim.2001"

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         "id"   : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/245fada6ab064c52ad120e777e101d15d/huebleriac",         
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         "label" : "Resolving the Two-Electron Process for the Couple [(C5Me5)M(NN̂)Cl]+/[(C5Me5)M(NN̂)] (M = Rh, Ir) into Two One-Electron Steps Using the 2,2'-Azobis(pyridine) NN̂ Ligand, Fast Scan Cyclovoltammetry, and Spectroelectrochemistry: Detection of Radicals instead of MII Intermediates",
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         "pub-type": "article",
         "journal": "Organometallics",
         "year": "2003", 
         "url": "", 
         
         "author": [ 
            "Wolfgang Kaim","Ralf Reinhardt","Stefan Greulich","Jan. Fiedler"
         ],
         "authors": [
         	
            	{"first" : "Wolfgang",	"last" : "Kaim"},
            	{"first" : "Ralf",	"last" : "Reinhardt"},
            	{"first" : "Stefan",	"last" : "Greulich"},
            	{"first" : "Jan.",	"last" : "Fiedler"}
         ],
         "volume": "22","number": "11","pages": "2240--2244","abstract": "[(C5Me5)M(abpy)Cl]+ [M = Rh, Ir; abpy = 2,2'-azobis(pyridine)] are reduced to the coordinatively unsatd. compds. [(C5Me5)M(abpy)] via the EPR and UV/visible spectroelectrochem. detectable radical intermediates [(C5Me5)MIII(abpy-I)Cl].bul..  Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry allowed the authors to establish the electrochem. potentials.  This stepwise mechanism differs from the two-electron processes obsd. for the analogous systems [(C5Me5)M(NN̂)Cl]+/[(C5Me5)M(NN̂)] with NN̂ = 2,2'-bipyridines, bidiazines, 1,4-diaza-1,3-butadienes.  In contrast to Co systems such as [(C5Me5)Co(bpy)Cl]+ the 1-electron redn. does not involve the metal.  The role of the abpy ligand as an intermediate 1-electron storage component for a metal-centered two-electron process is discussed.  Further redn. of [(C5Me5)M(abpy)] to [(C5Me5)MII(abpy-II)]- at very neg. potentials illustrates the extremely strong p back-donation from the 14-valence-electron fragments (C5Me5)M (M = Rh, Ir). [on SciFinder(R)]",
         "issn" : "0276-7333",
         
         "doi" : "10.1021/om020860j",
         
         "bibtexKey": "Kaim.2003b"

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         "id"   : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/2207a9db70fd4da839eefa50d88c2dc6b/huebleriac",         
         "tags" : [
            "bidentate","binuclear","bispyridinyltetrazine","center;iridium","complex","coupling","diiridium","dirhodium","electron","intermediate","iridium","redn","redox","rhodium","spectroelectrochem;mixed","tetrazinebispyrinyl","valent"
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         "label" : "Electronic coupling of two [Cp*ClM]+/[Cp*M] reaction centers via p conjugated bridging ligands: Similarities and differences between rhodium and iridium analogues",
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         "journal": "Journal of Organometallic Chemistry",
         "year": "1999", 
         "url": "", 
         
         "author": [ 
            "Wolfgang Kaim","Sascha Berger","Stefan Greulich","Ralf Reinhardt","Jan. Fiedler"
         ],
         "authors": [
         	
            	{"first" : "Wolfgang",	"last" : "Kaim"},
            	{"first" : "Sascha",	"last" : "Berger"},
            	{"first" : "Stefan",	"last" : "Greulich"},
            	{"first" : "Ralf",	"last" : "Reinhardt"},
            	{"first" : "Jan.",	"last" : "Fiedler"}
         ],
         "volume": "582","number": "2","pages": "153--159","abstract": "Dinuclear [Cp*ClM(m-L)MClCp*](PF6)2, M = Rh or Ir, L = 3,6-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (bptz) or 2,5-bis(phenyliminoethyl)pyrazine (bpip), are reduced in several chem. reversible steps by up to six electrons to [Cp*M(m-L)MCp*]n-.  UV-visible/NIR spectroelectrochem. and EPR of the paramagnetic states were used to identify the various intermediates.  The complexes clearly show a reversible, ligand-centered 1-electron redn. (E) preceding the 1st chloride-dissociative metal redn. step (EC).  Metal-metal interaction via the bridging p acceptor ligand L causes a splitting of 310-710 mV between the potentials for the two Cl--dissociative steps.  The 2nd chloride release occurs in EC+E fashion for L = bpip but in a two-electron process for L = bptz.  The MIIMI mixed-valent species [Cp*M(m-L)MCp*]+ could be identified via long-wavelength bands from intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) transitions.  All complexes contg. at least one chloride-free Cp*M group display intense long-wavelength absorption bands.  The Ir complexes are distinguished by more neg. potentials of the [Cp*Ir]-contg. forms, by slower formation of the M2I,II mixed-valent intermediate, by larger g anisotropy of the paramagnetic forms, and by triplet absorption features in the UV-visible electronic spectra. [on SciFinder(R)]",
         "doi" : "10.1016/S0022-328X(98)01027-4",
         
         "bibtexKey": "Kaim.1999b"

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         "id"   : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/200795e0decd61cf05268f83088420601/huebleriac",         
         "tags" : [
            "bipyridine","catalytic","complex","complex;electronic","electrochem","gas","hydrogen","hydrogen;iridium","intermediate","iridium","photocatalysis","prodn","prodn;water","reaction","shift","structure"
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         "intraHash" : "00795e0decd61cf05268f83088420601",
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         "label" : "Electronic structure of catalytic intermediates for production of hydrogen: (C5Me5)Ir(bpy) and its conjugated acid",
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         "journal": "Journal of Organometallic Chemistry",
         "year": "1992", 
         "url": "", 
         
         "author": [ 
            "Monika Ladwig","Wolfgang. Kaim"
         ],
         "authors": [
         	
            	{"first" : "Monika",	"last" : "Ladwig"},
            	{"first" : "Wolfgang.",	"last" : "Kaim"}
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         "volume": "439","number": "1","pages": "79--90","abstract": "Chem. and electrochem. two-electron redn. of the IrIII complex [(C5Me5)ClIr(bpy)](Cl), bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, yields highly reactive (C5Me5)Ir(bpy), the conjugated acid of which was postulated as an intermediate in the homogeneous photo-catalysis of the water gas shift reaction.  Cyclovoltammetric, UV/Vis-, 1H- and 13C-NMR-spectroscopic measurements in aprotic and protic solvents have revealed the electronic structures of the neutral \\dqIrI\\dq complex and of [(C5Me5)IrH(bpy)]+.  In the very electron-rich neutral complex there is even more p back donation to bpy than in the analogous compd. (C5Me5)Rh(bpy), as is evident from the very neg. redn. potential, the high field NMR shifts for the bpy ligand, and from the unusually structured absorption spectrum in the visible.  As a consequence, the photo- and electro-chem. behavior of [(C5Me5)IrH(bpy)]+ and [(C5Me5)Ir(bpy)] is best described by assigning a (-I) oxidn. state to the electron-buffering 2,2'-bipyridine ligand. [on SciFinder(R)]",
         "doi" : "10.1016/0022-328X(92)80055-3",
         
         "bibtexKey": "Ladwig.1992"

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         "id"   : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/200795e0decd61cf05268f83088420601/b_schwederski",         
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         "label" : "Electronic structure of catalytic intermediates for production of hydrogen: (C5Me5)Ir(bpy) and its conjugated acid",
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         "pub-type": "article",
         "journal": "Journal of Organometallic Chemistry",
         "year": "1992", 
         "url": "", 
         
         "author": [ 
            "Monika Ladwig","Wolfgang. Kaim"
         ],
         "authors": [
         	
            	{"first" : "Monika",	"last" : "Ladwig"},
            	{"first" : "Wolfgang.",	"last" : "Kaim"}
         ],
         "volume": "439","number": "1","pages": "79--90","abstract": "Chem. and electrochem. two-electron redn. of the IrIII complex [(C5Me5)ClIr(bpy)](Cl), bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, yields highly reactive (C5Me5)Ir(bpy), the conjugated acid of which was postulated as an intermediate in the homogeneous photo-catalysis of the water gas shift reaction.  Cyclovoltammetric, UV/Vis-, 1H- and 13C-NMR-spectroscopic measurements in aprotic and protic solvents have revealed the electronic structures of the neutral \\dqIrI\\dq complex and of [(C5Me5)IrH(bpy)]+.  In the very electron-rich neutral complex there is even more p back donation to bpy than in the analogous compd. (C5Me5)Rh(bpy), as is evident from the very neg. redn. potential, the high field NMR shifts for the bpy ligand, and from the unusually structured absorption spectrum in the visible.  As a consequence, the photo- and electro-chem. behavior of [(C5Me5)IrH(bpy)]+ and [(C5Me5)Ir(bpy)] is best described by assigning a (-I) oxidn. state to the electron-buffering 2,2'-bipyridine ligand. [on SciFinder(R)]",
         "doi" : "10.1016/0022-328X(92)80055-3",
         
         "bibtexKey": "Ladwig.1992"

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         "label" : "Electronic coupling of two [Cp*ClM]+/[Cp*M] reaction centers via p conjugated bridging ligands: Similarities and differences between rhodium and iridium analogues",
         "user" : "b_schwederski",
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         "pub-type": "article",
         "journal": "Journal of Organometallic Chemistry",
         "year": "1999", 
         "url": "", 
         
         "author": [ 
            "Wolfgang Kaim","Sascha Berger","Stefan Greulich","Ralf Reinhardt","Jan. Fiedler"
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            	{"first" : "Wolfgang",	"last" : "Kaim"},
            	{"first" : "Sascha",	"last" : "Berger"},
            	{"first" : "Stefan",	"last" : "Greulich"},
            	{"first" : "Ralf",	"last" : "Reinhardt"},
            	{"first" : "Jan.",	"last" : "Fiedler"}
         ],
         "volume": "582","number": "2","pages": "153--159","abstract": "Dinuclear [Cp*ClM(m-L)MClCp*](PF6)2, M = Rh or Ir, L = 3,6-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (bptz) or 2,5-bis(phenyliminoethyl)pyrazine (bpip), are reduced in several chem. reversible steps by up to six electrons to [Cp*M(m-L)MCp*]n-.  UV-visible/NIR spectroelectrochem. and EPR of the paramagnetic states were used to identify the various intermediates.  The complexes clearly show a reversible, ligand-centered 1-electron redn. (E) preceding the 1st chloride-dissociative metal redn. step (EC).  Metal-metal interaction via the bridging p acceptor ligand L causes a splitting of 310-710 mV between the potentials for the two Cl--dissociative steps.  The 2nd chloride release occurs in EC+E fashion for L = bpip but in a two-electron process for L = bptz.  The MIIMI mixed-valent species [Cp*M(m-L)MCp*]+ could be identified via long-wavelength bands from intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) transitions.  All complexes contg. at least one chloride-free Cp*M group display intense long-wavelength absorption bands.  The Ir complexes are distinguished by more neg. potentials of the [Cp*Ir]-contg. forms, by slower formation of the M2I,II mixed-valent intermediate, by larger g anisotropy of the paramagnetic forms, and by triplet absorption features in the UV-visible electronic spectra. [on SciFinder(R)]",
         "doi" : "10.1016/S0022-328X(98)01027-4",
         
         "bibtexKey": "Kaim.1999b"

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         "label" : "Resolving the Two-Electron Process for the Couple [(C5Me5)M(NN̂)Cl]+/[(C5Me5)M(NN̂)] (M = Rh, Ir) into Two One-Electron Steps Using the 2,2'-Azobis(pyridine) NN̂ Ligand, Fast Scan Cyclovoltammetry, and Spectroelectrochemistry: Detection of Radicals instead of MII Intermediates",
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         "pub-type": "article",
         "journal": "Organometallics",
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         "url": "", 
         
         "author": [ 
            "Wolfgang Kaim","Ralf Reinhardt","Stefan Greulich","Jan. Fiedler"
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         "authors": [
         	
            	{"first" : "Wolfgang",	"last" : "Kaim"},
            	{"first" : "Ralf",	"last" : "Reinhardt"},
            	{"first" : "Stefan",	"last" : "Greulich"},
            	{"first" : "Jan.",	"last" : "Fiedler"}
         ],
         "volume": "22","number": "11","pages": "2240--2244","abstract": "[(C5Me5)M(abpy)Cl]+ [M = Rh, Ir; abpy = 2,2'-azobis(pyridine)] are reduced to the coordinatively unsatd. compds. [(C5Me5)M(abpy)] via the EPR and UV/visible spectroelectrochem. detectable radical intermediates [(C5Me5)MIII(abpy-I)Cl].bul..  Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry allowed the authors to establish the electrochem. potentials.  This stepwise mechanism differs from the two-electron processes obsd. for the analogous systems [(C5Me5)M(NN̂)Cl]+/[(C5Me5)M(NN̂)] with NN̂ = 2,2'-bipyridines, bidiazines, 1,4-diaza-1,3-butadienes.  In contrast to Co systems such as [(C5Me5)Co(bpy)Cl]+ the 1-electron redn. does not involve the metal.  The role of the abpy ligand as an intermediate 1-electron storage component for a metal-centered two-electron process is discussed.  Further redn. of [(C5Me5)M(abpy)] to [(C5Me5)MII(abpy-II)]- at very neg. potentials illustrates the extremely strong p back-donation from the 14-valence-electron fragments (C5Me5)M (M = Rh, Ir). [on SciFinder(R)]",
         "issn" : "0276-7333",
         
         "doi" : "10.1021/om020860j",
         
         "bibtexKey": "Kaim.2003b"

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         "label" : "Complexes with 2,2'-azobis(pyridine) and related 'S-frame' bridging ligands containing the azo function",
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         "author": [ 
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            	{"first" : "W.",	"last" : "Kaim"}
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         "volume": "219-221","pages": "463--488","abstract": "A review of properties of complexes with 2,2'-azobis(pyridine) and related 'S-frame' bridging ligands contg. the azo function.  Bridging ligands involving the azo group -N:N- as coordinating p acceptor function can yield dinuclear complexes with unusual electronic and structural features.  In particular, 2,2'-azobis(pyridine) (abpy) as formally derived from the ubiquitous 2,2'-bipyridine ligand is now known to form a variety of complexes.  The strong electronic interaction between the ligand and one or two metal centers was 1st noted in 1969 by Baldwin, Lever and Parish.  Among the special properties of such systems are several easily accessible oxidn. states, long-wavelength charge-transfer absorptions, relatively small metal-metal distances, various forms of isomerism, and the stability of radical intermediates and/or mixed-valent states. [on SciFinder(R)]",
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         "intraHash" : "a70a1bb855cb75359687bbf56b636a5a",
         "interHash" : "1d6d20436ecd0087f6639caccc4e5df1",
         "label" : "Acidic iridium hydrides: Implications for aerobic and Oppenauer oxidation of alcohols",
         "user" : "b_schwederski",
         "description" : "",
         "date" : "2019-07-15 13:41:23",
         "changeDate" : "2019-07-15 11:42:10",
         "count" : 3,
         "pub-type": "article",
         "journal": "Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom)",
         "year": "2006", 
         "url": "", 
         
         "author": [ 
            "Anders Gabrielsson","Piet van Leeuwen","Wolfgang. Kaim"
         ],
         "authors": [
         	
            	{"first" : "Anders",	"last" : "Gabrielsson"},
            	{"first" : "Piet",	"last" : "van Leeuwen"},
            	{"first" : "Wolfgang.",	"last" : "Kaim"}
         ],
         "number": "47","pages": "4926--4927","abstract": "[Cp*Ir(Cl)(bpym)]+ (bpym = 2,2'-bipyrimidine) and [Cp*Ir(Cl)(bpy)]+ are the 1st examples of Ir based catalysts for the aerobic oxidn. of alcs.  The mechanism for aerobic oxidn. of aliph. alcs. to aldehydes is discussed; the catalytic cycle proceeds via the acidic hydrides [Cp*Ir(H)(bpym)]+ or [Cp*Ir(H)(bpy)]+.  Deprotonation of the hydride leads to a highly oxygen-sensitive IrI species that regenerate the IrIII complexes upon oxidn. with dioxygen. [on SciFinder(R)]",
         "issn" : "1359-7345",
         
         "doi" : "10.1039/b610857a",
         
         "bibtexKey": "Gabrielsson.2006"

      }
	  
   ]
}