{ "types" : { "Bookmark" : { "pluralLabel" : "Bookmarks" }, "Publication" : { "pluralLabel" : "Publications" }, "GoldStandardPublication" : { "pluralLabel" : "GoldStandardPublications" }, "GoldStandardBookmark" : { "pluralLabel" : "GoldStandardBookmarks" }, "Tag" : { "pluralLabel" : "Tags" }, "User" : { "pluralLabel" : "Users" }, "Group" : { "pluralLabel" : "Groups" }, "Sphere" : { "pluralLabel" : "Spheres" } }, "properties" : { "count" : { "valueType" : "number" }, "date" : { "valueType" : "date" }, "changeDate" : { "valueType" : "date" }, "url" : { "valueType" : "url" }, "id" : { "valueType" : "url" }, "tags" : { "valueType" : "item" }, "user" : { "valueType" : "item" } }, "items" : [ { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/20ef15dba4aab4c6ab2a46269a05f990f/petraheim", "tags" : [ "2025","bechert","develpment","engineering","itke","segmented","shell","structural","system","timber" ], "intraHash" : "0ef15dba4aab4c6ab2a46269a05f990f", "interHash" : "9da2d51483d44283efd76fa966ca6884", "label" : "Structural Development of Semented Timber Shell Systems", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2026-01-13 16:31:40", "changeDate" : "2026-01-13 16:32:04", "count" : 2, "pub-type": "phdthesis", "series": "Forschungsberichte aus dem Institut für Tragkonstruktionen und Konstruktives Entwerfen, Universität Stuttgart","publisher":"Institut für Tragkonstruktionen und Konstruktives Entwerfen, Universität Stuttgart","address":"Stuttgart", "year": "2025", "url": "", "author": [ "Simon Bechert" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"} ], "volume": "51","pages": "349","abstract": "In response to the growing global challenges of climate change, resource scarcity, and urbanisation, there is an increasing demand for sustainable and material-efficient building systems. Segmented timber shell systems offer a promising solution by combining modularity,structural lightness, and the efficient use of renewable materials\r\nwith advanced digital design and fabrication technologies.\r\nThis dissertation develops an integrative structural design methodology to advance segmented timber shells as viable solutions for large-span architecture.\r\nChapter one introduces the research motivation and context,establishing the relevance of segmented timber shells as a future-oriented building system. Chapter two reviews the state of the art, tracing the evolution of shell structures and highlighting the potential of modular, lightweight timber construction within\r\nsustainable architecture. Segmented timber shells synergise these fields as a contemporary alternative in the context of an evolving built environment.\r\nChapter three formulates three Research Objectives (ROs) addressing key challenges in the design, engineering, and construction of segmented timber shells. These objectives form the basis for the Research Methods (RM1\u2013RM3) outlined in chapter four,which translate them into fundamental developments and innovations\r\nfor integrative structural design of segmented timber shell systems.\r\nThe core contributions are documented in peer-reviewed publications, each supported by full-scale demonstrators: the ITECH Research Demonstrator 2015\u201316, the Urbach Tower, the BUGA Wood Pavilion, and the livMatS Biomimetic Shell. Chapter five summarises these publications and their contributions to the\r\noverarching research framework.Chapter six discusses the research results (RR1\u2013RR3), demonstrating the structural viability, life cycle performance, and industrial scalability of segmented timber shells. The work shows how interdisciplinary co-design, performance-driven structural assessment, nd automated prefabrication strategies enable the realisation of modular, lightweight timber shell structures.\r\nFinally, chapter seven concludes with a critical reflection on the contributions and limitations of the research and outlines the future potential of segmented timber shells in large-scale architectural applications, bridging the gap between experimental\r\nresearch and construction practice.", "isbn" : "978-3-922302-51-3", "language" : "eng", "bibtexKey": "bechert2025structural" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/20ef15dba4aab4c6ab2a46269a05f990f/itke", "tags" : [ "segmented","develpment","engineering","shell","system","structural","itke","2025","timber","bechert" ], "intraHash" : "0ef15dba4aab4c6ab2a46269a05f990f", "interHash" : "9da2d51483d44283efd76fa966ca6884", "label" : "Structural Development of Semented Timber Shell Systems", "user" : "itke", "description" : "", "date" : "2026-01-13 16:31:40", "changeDate" : "2026-01-13 16:32:04", "count" : 2, "pub-type": "phdthesis", "series": "Forschungsberichte aus dem Institut für Tragkonstruktionen und Konstruktives Entwerfen, Universität Stuttgart","publisher":"Institut für Tragkonstruktionen und Konstruktives Entwerfen, Universität Stuttgart","address":"Stuttgart", "year": "2025", "url": "", "author": [ "Simon Bechert" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"} ], "volume": "51","pages": "349","abstract": "In response to the growing global challenges of climate change, resource scarcity, and urbanisation, there is an increasing demand for sustainable and material-efficient building systems. Segmented timber shell systems offer a promising solution by combining modularity,structural lightness, and the efficient use of renewable materials\r\nwith advanced digital design and fabrication technologies.\r\nThis dissertation develops an integrative structural design methodology to advance segmented timber shells as viable solutions for large-span architecture.\r\nChapter one introduces the research motivation and context,establishing the relevance of segmented timber shells as a future-oriented building system. Chapter two reviews the state of the art, tracing the evolution of shell structures and highlighting the potential of modular, lightweight timber construction within\r\nsustainable architecture. Segmented timber shells synergise these fields as a contemporary alternative in the context of an evolving built environment.\r\nChapter three formulates three Research Objectives (ROs) addressing key challenges in the design, engineering, and construction of segmented timber shells. These objectives form the basis for the Research Methods (RM1\u2013RM3) outlined in chapter four,which translate them into fundamental developments and innovations\r\nfor integrative structural design of segmented timber shell systems.\r\nThe core contributions are documented in peer-reviewed publications, each supported by full-scale demonstrators: the ITECH Research Demonstrator 2015\u201316, the Urbach Tower, the BUGA Wood Pavilion, and the livMatS Biomimetic Shell. Chapter five summarises these publications and their contributions to the\r\noverarching research framework.Chapter six discusses the research results (RR1\u2013RR3), demonstrating the structural viability, life cycle performance, and industrial scalability of segmented timber shells. The work shows how interdisciplinary co-design, performance-driven structural assessment, nd automated prefabrication strategies enable the realisation of modular, lightweight timber shell structures.\r\nFinally, chapter seven concludes with a critical reflection on the contributions and limitations of the research and outlines the future potential of segmented timber shells in large-scale architectural applications, bridging the gap between experimental\r\nresearch and construction practice.", "isbn" : "978-3-922302-51-3", "language" : "eng", "bibtexKey": "bechert2025structural" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/267e8404fbc10f975ea15471aa7afa70e/petraheim", "tags" : [ "2019","BUGA","Bundesgartenschau","Heilbronn","Lightweight","aldinger","alvarez","bechert","engineering","groenevolt","itke","knippers","krieg","menges","segmented","shell","sonntag","timber","wagner" ], "intraHash" : "67e8404fbc10f975ea15471aa7afa70e", "interHash" : "f286722941aaf120f329a8b37a694087", "label" : "Lightweight segmented timber shell for the Bundesgartenschau 2019 in Heilbronn", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2025-06-11 13:17:47", "changeDate" : "2025-06-11 13:17:47", "count" : 3, "pub-type": "inproceedings", "booktitle": "Form and Force: Proceedings of the International Association for Spactial Structures Annual Symposia 2019 Barcelona", "year": "2019", "url": "", "author": [ "Daniel Sonntag","Lotte Aldinger","Simon Bechert","Martin Alvarez","Abel Groenewolt","Oliver-David Krieg","Hans Jakob Wagner","Jan Knippers","Achim Menges" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Daniel", "last" : "Sonntag"}, {"first" : "Lotte", "last" : "Aldinger"}, {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"}, {"first" : "Martin", "last" : "Alvarez"}, {"first" : "Abel", "last" : "Groenewolt"}, {"first" : "Oliver-David", "last" : "Krieg"}, {"first" : "Hans Jakob", "last" : "Wagner"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"}, {"first" : "Achim", "last" : "Menges"} ], "number": "October","pages": "1--8","abstract": "Segmented timber shells offer the possibility of constructing long span, double curved shell structures efficiently and economically. This was demonstrated with the Landesgartenschau Exhibition Hall 2014 in Schwäbisch Gmünd [1], a prefabricated segmented timber shell made of planar beech plywood plates. However, the application of this construction method for larger spans and more general shell geometries requires further technical development of the construction system, of its associated fabrication methods, and of the methods for form finding and optimisation. This paper presents the development and construction of the wood pavilion for the Bundesgartenschau (Federal garden exhibition, BUGA) 2019 in Heilbronn, which translates these technical developments into practice. Solid timber panels were replaced by a recently developed multi-layer cassette system. The 376 geometrically unique elements of the multi-layer segmented shell were produced of spruce laminated veneer lumber plates, which were assembled, glued, and milled in a fully automated process by two collaborative industrial robots. The shell segments are connected using a combination of the previously established CNC-milled finger-joints [2] as well as regularly spaced steel bolts. Custom design and analysis tools were developed, in order to manage varying material thicknesses, spacing of fasteners and geometric details of the connections between adjacent segments.", "venue" : "Barcelona", "eventdate" : "7.-10.10.2019", "eventtitle" : "IASS Annual Symposium 2019 \u2013 Structural Membranes 2019", "file" : ":C\\:/Users/ac128044/Google Drive/ICD_Wagner/01_Publikationen/PUBLICATION_COLLECTION/2019_IASS.pdf:pdf", "bibtexKey": "Sonntag2019" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/267e8404fbc10f975ea15471aa7afa70e/itke", "tags" : [ "groenevolt","alvarez","sonntag","wagner","Lightweight","aldinger","segmented","Bundesgartenschau","knippers","engineering","shell","2019","BUGA","Heilbronn","itke","krieg","timber","menges","bechert" ], "intraHash" : "67e8404fbc10f975ea15471aa7afa70e", "interHash" : "f286722941aaf120f329a8b37a694087", "label" : "Lightweight segmented timber shell for the Bundesgartenschau 2019 in Heilbronn", "user" : "itke", "description" : "", "date" : "2025-06-11 13:17:47", "changeDate" : "2025-06-11 13:17:47", "count" : 3, "pub-type": "inproceedings", "booktitle": "Form and Force: Proceedings of the International Association for Spactial Structures Annual Symposia 2019 Barcelona", "year": "2019", "url": "", "author": [ "Daniel Sonntag","Lotte Aldinger","Simon Bechert","Martin Alvarez","Abel Groenewolt","Oliver-David Krieg","Hans Jakob Wagner","Jan Knippers","Achim Menges" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Daniel", "last" : "Sonntag"}, {"first" : "Lotte", "last" : "Aldinger"}, {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"}, {"first" : "Martin", "last" : "Alvarez"}, {"first" : "Abel", "last" : "Groenewolt"}, {"first" : "Oliver-David", "last" : "Krieg"}, {"first" : "Hans Jakob", "last" : "Wagner"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"}, {"first" : "Achim", "last" : "Menges"} ], "number": "October","pages": "1--8","abstract": "Segmented timber shells offer the possibility of constructing long span, double curved shell structures efficiently and economically. This was demonstrated with the Landesgartenschau Exhibition Hall 2014 in Schwäbisch Gmünd [1], a prefabricated segmented timber shell made of planar beech plywood plates. However, the application of this construction method for larger spans and more general shell geometries requires further technical development of the construction system, of its associated fabrication methods, and of the methods for form finding and optimisation. This paper presents the development and construction of the wood pavilion for the Bundesgartenschau (Federal garden exhibition, BUGA) 2019 in Heilbronn, which translates these technical developments into practice. Solid timber panels were replaced by a recently developed multi-layer cassette system. The 376 geometrically unique elements of the multi-layer segmented shell were produced of spruce laminated veneer lumber plates, which were assembled, glued, and milled in a fully automated process by two collaborative industrial robots. The shell segments are connected using a combination of the previously established CNC-milled finger-joints [2] as well as regularly spaced steel bolts. Custom design and analysis tools were developed, in order to manage varying material thicknesses, spacing of fasteners and geometric details of the connections between adjacent segments.", "venue" : "Barcelona", "eventdate" : "7.-10.10.2019", "eventtitle" : "IASS Annual Symposium 2019 \u2013 Structural Membranes 2019", "file" : ":C\\:/Users/ac128044/Google Drive/ICD_Wagner/01_Publikationen/PUBLICATION_COLLECTION/2019_IASS.pdf:pdf", "bibtexKey": "Sonntag2019" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/269c00823335f2b52a32b3a9d7cc857fa/petraheim", "tags" : [ "2024","Biomimetic","Computational","Shell","bairi","bechert","case","constructions","design","environmental","fabrication","göbel","itke","knippers","lauer","leistner","livMatS","menges","opgenorth","quality","robotic","sawodny","schlopschnat","skoury","stark","study","the","timber","treml","wagner","wood","wortmann" ], "intraHash" : "69c00823335f2b52a32b3a9d7cc857fa", "interHash" : "292770d0d737f584adb8c49a193af975", "label" : "Computational design and robotic fabrication for high environmental quality timber constructions: the livMatS Biomimetic Shell case study", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2025-06-11 13:09:40", "changeDate" : "2025-06-11 13:09:40", "count" : 9, "pub-type": "dataset", "publisher":"DaRUS", "year": "2024", "url": "https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-4434", "author": [ "Roberta Di Bari","Anja Patricia Regina Lauer","Christoph Schlopschnat","Simon Treml","Nils Opgenorth","Lior Skoury","Tim Stark","Simon Bechert","Monika Göbel","Hans Jakob Wagner","Dylan Wood","Philip Leistner","Jan Knippers","Achim Menges","Oliver Sawodny","Thomas Wortmann" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Roberta", "last" : "Di Bari"}, {"first" : "Anja Patricia Regina", "last" : "Lauer"}, {"first" : "Christoph", "last" : "Schlopschnat"}, {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Treml"}, {"first" : "Nils", "last" : "Opgenorth"}, {"first" : "Lior", "last" : "Skoury"}, {"first" : "Tim", "last" : "Stark"}, {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"}, {"first" : "Monika", "last" : "Göbel"}, {"first" : "Hans Jakob", "last" : "Wagner"}, {"first" : "Dylan", "last" : "Wood"}, {"first" : "Philip", "last" : "Leistner"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"}, {"first" : "Achim", "last" : "Menges"}, {"first" : "Oliver", "last" : "Sawodny"}, {"first" : "Thomas", "last" : "Wortmann"} ], "abstract": "The dataset includes the raw data and the corresponding report for the life cycle assessment of the building demonstrator 'livMatS Biomimetic Shell' (Website).The pressure on the construction industry to reduce its environmental impact is leading practitioners to investigate the use of more sustainable materials, such as timber. Still, due to its limited availability, it is questioned to which degree timber could substitute steel and concrete, and strategies to reduce its consumption are necessary. The Cluster of Excellence \u201CIntCDC\u201D investigates novel approachesto sustainable architecture. These exploit integrative computational design and automatic fabrication. These have been showcased in the livMatS Biomimetic Shell, for which a hollow timber cassette has been realized. In this study, the Lifecycle Assessment (LCA) analysis evaluated the developed cassette's environmental profile compared with other functionally equivalent systems. The analyses showed that the livMatS Biomimetic Shell reduced material consumption by 51% and a Global Warming Potential (GWP) 39% lower than conventional timber construction. Optimized fabrication processes allowed for emissions reduction by 60% in comparison with a solid cross-laminated timber box.", "version" : "V1", "bibtexKey": "darus-4434_2024" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/269c00823335f2b52a32b3a9d7cc857fa/itke", "tags" : [ "environmental","göbel","2024","knippers","quality","wortmann","the","itke","Biomimetic","fabrication","constructions","sawodny","menges","case","study","leistner","wagner","opgenorth","robotic","Shell","schlopschnat","skoury","bairi","stark","lauer","design","livMatS","timber","wood","Computational","treml","bechert" ], "intraHash" : "69c00823335f2b52a32b3a9d7cc857fa", "interHash" : "292770d0d737f584adb8c49a193af975", "label" : "Computational design and robotic fabrication for high environmental quality timber constructions: the livMatS Biomimetic Shell case study", "user" : "itke", "description" : "", "date" : "2025-06-11 13:09:40", "changeDate" : "2025-06-11 13:09:40", "count" : 9, "pub-type": "dataset", "publisher":"DaRUS", "year": "2024", "url": "https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-4434", "author": [ "Roberta Di Bari","Anja Patricia Regina Lauer","Christoph Schlopschnat","Simon Treml","Nils Opgenorth","Lior Skoury","Tim Stark","Simon Bechert","Monika Göbel","Hans Jakob Wagner","Dylan Wood","Philip Leistner","Jan Knippers","Achim Menges","Oliver Sawodny","Thomas Wortmann" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Roberta", "last" : "Di Bari"}, {"first" : "Anja Patricia Regina", "last" : "Lauer"}, {"first" : "Christoph", "last" : "Schlopschnat"}, {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Treml"}, {"first" : "Nils", "last" : "Opgenorth"}, {"first" : "Lior", "last" : "Skoury"}, {"first" : "Tim", "last" : "Stark"}, {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"}, {"first" : "Monika", "last" : "Göbel"}, {"first" : "Hans Jakob", "last" : "Wagner"}, {"first" : "Dylan", "last" : "Wood"}, {"first" : "Philip", "last" : "Leistner"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"}, {"first" : "Achim", "last" : "Menges"}, {"first" : "Oliver", "last" : "Sawodny"}, {"first" : "Thomas", "last" : "Wortmann"} ], "abstract": "The dataset includes the raw data and the corresponding report for the life cycle assessment of the building demonstrator 'livMatS Biomimetic Shell' (Website).The pressure on the construction industry to reduce its environmental impact is leading practitioners to investigate the use of more sustainable materials, such as timber. Still, due to its limited availability, it is questioned to which degree timber could substitute steel and concrete, and strategies to reduce its consumption are necessary. The Cluster of Excellence \u201CIntCDC\u201D investigates novel approachesto sustainable architecture. These exploit integrative computational design and automatic fabrication. These have been showcased in the livMatS Biomimetic Shell, for which a hollow timber cassette has been realized. In this study, the Lifecycle Assessment (LCA) analysis evaluated the developed cassette's environmental profile compared with other functionally equivalent systems. The analyses showed that the livMatS Biomimetic Shell reduced material consumption by 51% and a Global Warming Potential (GWP) 39% lower than conventional timber construction. Optimized fabrication processes allowed for emissions reduction by 60% in comparison with a solid cross-laminated timber box.", "version" : "V1", "bibtexKey": "darus-4434_2024" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/2a3314a2930f8c4c5750746112105f0c1/petraheim", "tags" : [ "2025","aicher","assessment","balangé","bechert","circular","construction","engineering","fabrication","gorokhova","göbel","itke","knippers","lightweight","menges","modular","relocation","robotic","schwieger","segmented","shell","structural","structure","timber" ], "intraHash" : "a3314a2930f8c4c5750746112105f0c1", "interHash" : "3bcb77135d3940acf326ac917532f269", "label" : "Segmented Timber Shells for Circular Construction: Relocation, Structural Assessment, and Robotic Fabrication of a Modular, Lightweight Timber Structure", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2025-06-11 11:46:41", "changeDate" : "2025-06-11 11:46:41", "count" : 7, "pub-type": "article", "journal": "Buildings", "year": "2025", "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/11/1857", "author": [ "Simon Bechert","Simon Aicher","Lyudmila Gorokhova","Laura Balangé","Monika Göbel","Volker Schwieger","Achim Menges","Jan Knippers" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"}, {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Aicher"}, {"first" : "Lyudmila", "last" : "Gorokhova"}, {"first" : "Laura", "last" : "Balangé"}, {"first" : "Monika", "last" : "Göbel"}, {"first" : "Volker", "last" : "Schwieger"}, {"first" : "Achim", "last" : "Menges"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"} ], "volume": "15","number": "11","abstract": "Segmented timber shells present a novel building system that utilizes modular, planar building components to create lightweight free-form structures in architecture. Recent advancements in the research field of segmented timber shells pursue, among others, two fundamentally opposing research objectives. 1. The modularity of their building components facilitates the reuse of such structures in response to a changing built environment. 2. Advanced developments aim at establishing segmented timber shells as permanent building structures for sustainable architecture. This paper addresses the first research objective through the successful relocation of the BUGA Wood Pavilion in the context of the proposed methodology of Co-Design for circular construction. The methods and results involve integrative design and engineering processes and advanced quality assessment methods, including structural, geodetic, and physical properties for modular timber constructions. The BUGA Wood Pavilion serves as a building demonstrator for the presented research on segmented shells as lightweight, reusable, and durable timber structures.", "issn" : "2075-5309", "article-number" : "1857", "doi" : "10.3390/buildings15111857", "bibtexKey": "buildings15111857" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/2a3314a2930f8c4c5750746112105f0c1/itke", "tags" : [ "modular","relocation","göbel","gorokhova","segmented","knippers","engineering","shell","circular","structure","itke","fabrication","menges","aicher","robotic","lightweight","assessment","balangé","structural","2025","construction","schwieger","timber","bechert" ], "intraHash" : "a3314a2930f8c4c5750746112105f0c1", "interHash" : "3bcb77135d3940acf326ac917532f269", "label" : "Segmented Timber Shells for Circular Construction: Relocation, Structural Assessment, and Robotic Fabrication of a Modular, Lightweight Timber Structure", "user" : "itke", "description" : "", "date" : "2025-06-11 11:46:41", "changeDate" : "2025-06-11 11:46:41", "count" : 7, "pub-type": "article", "journal": "Buildings", "year": "2025", "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/11/1857", "author": [ "Simon Bechert","Simon Aicher","Lyudmila Gorokhova","Laura Balangé","Monika Göbel","Volker Schwieger","Achim Menges","Jan Knippers" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"}, {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Aicher"}, {"first" : "Lyudmila", "last" : "Gorokhova"}, {"first" : "Laura", "last" : "Balangé"}, {"first" : "Monika", "last" : "Göbel"}, {"first" : "Volker", "last" : "Schwieger"}, {"first" : "Achim", "last" : "Menges"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"} ], "volume": "15","number": "11","abstract": "Segmented timber shells present a novel building system that utilizes modular, planar building components to create lightweight free-form structures in architecture. Recent advancements in the research field of segmented timber shells pursue, among others, two fundamentally opposing research objectives. 1. The modularity of their building components facilitates the reuse of such structures in response to a changing built environment. 2. Advanced developments aim at establishing segmented timber shells as permanent building structures for sustainable architecture. This paper addresses the first research objective through the successful relocation of the BUGA Wood Pavilion in the context of the proposed methodology of Co-Design for circular construction. The methods and results involve integrative design and engineering processes and advanced quality assessment methods, including structural, geodetic, and physical properties for modular timber constructions. The BUGA Wood Pavilion serves as a building demonstrator for the presented research on segmented shells as lightweight, reusable, and durable timber structures.", "issn" : "2075-5309", "article-number" : "1857", "doi" : "10.3390/buildings15111857", "bibtexKey": "buildings15111857" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/2b2d16668eeb8b003f3644421f5707020/petraheim", "tags" : [ "2023","architecture","curved","hygroshell","itke","kiesewetter","knippers","körner","menges","self-shaping","shell","situ","takahashi","timber","wood" ], "intraHash" : "b2d16668eeb8b003f3644421f5707020", "interHash" : "7ccfc659b13cd3cb1b2037816e90a07b", "label" : "HYGROSHELL \u2013 In Situ Self-shaping of Curved Timber Shells", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2023-10-30 15:05:11", "changeDate" : "2023-10-30 15:05:11", "count" : 6, "pub-type": "inbook", "booktitle": "Advances in Architectural Geometry 2023","series": "De Gruyter STEM","publisher":"De Gruyter", "year": "2023", "url": "", "author": [ "Dylan Wood","Laura Kiesewetter","Axel Körner","Kenryo Takahashi","Jan Knippers","Achim Menges" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Dylan", "last" : "Wood"}, {"first" : "Laura", "last" : "Kiesewetter"}, {"first" : "Axel", "last" : "Körner"}, {"first" : "Kenryo", "last" : "Takahashi"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"}, {"first" : "Achim", "last" : "Menges"} ], "editor": [ "Kathrin Dörfler","Jan Knippers","Achim Menges","Stefana Parascho","Helmut Pottmann","Thomas Wortmann" ], "editors": [ {"first" : "Kathrin", "last" : "Dörfler"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"}, {"first" : "Achim", "last" : "Menges"}, {"first" : "Stefana", "last" : "Parascho"}, {"first" : "Helmut", "last" : "Pottmann"}, {"first" : "Thomas", "last" : "Wortmann"} ], "pages": "43-54","abstract": "Curved, surface-active, shell structures are known for material efficiency and slenderness but typically require complex manufacturing and formwork in combination with intricate on-site construction processes. The presented research proposes an alternative approach: a self-shaping building system for deploying lightweight, curved surface structures made from timber. The system uses the inherent hygromorphic properties of wood which naturally shrinks through drying. This anisotropic shape change is embedded into large-scale bilayer sheets - produced, machined, and shingle clad in a flat state with their later curved shape and connection detailing physically programmed within the material build-ups. When placed on-site, these sheets actuate through air drying to a final curved and interlocked geometry. Geometrically the structure is integratively designed from variable single curved surfaces using key material parameters (end grain angle and moisture content change) within a material stock, in relation to both the self-shaping and the final structural configuration. Each surface is modeled in the curved state using a board specific algorithmic calculation of curvature potential in parallel to a flat fabrication model. Emphasis is placed on investment in early-stage planning and intelligent material arrangement as a method to produce useful curvature. As a result, the curved shell shapes and interlocks without formwork or external mechanical force, with little onsite work. The outcome is a lightweight, longspan roof structure built from single curved wood surfaces with a thin cross-laminated build up. The project demonstrates a tangible new method of low impact, light touch self-construction and an ecologically effective use of material and geometry.", "isbn" : "9783111160115", "language" : "eng", "doi" : "https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111162683-004", "bibtexKey": "wood2023hygroshell" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/2340afc5fafcc77a807e2074ea66f5655/petraheim", "tags" : [ "2021","aldinger","bechert","buga","computational","design","engineering","fabrication","finger","form-finding","heilbronn","integrative","itke","joints","knippers","lightweight","methods","modular","optimization","plate","robotic","segmented","shell","sonntag","structure","timber" ], "intraHash" : "340afc5fafcc77a807e2074ea66f5655", "interHash" : "6e81c9dcb5cfe86b6b5e6c16652f2c05", "label" : "Integrative structural design and engineering methods for segmented timber shells : BUGA Wood Pavilion", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2023-03-27 12:30:50", "changeDate" : "2023-05-16 11:39:36", "count" : 5, "pub-type": "article", "journal": "Structures","publisher":"Elsevier", "year": "2021", "url": "", "author": [ "Simon Bechert","Daniel Sonntag","Lotte Aldinger","Jan Knippers" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"}, {"first" : "Daniel", "last" : "Sonntag"}, {"first" : "Lotte", "last" : "Aldinger"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"} ], "volume": "34","number": "December","pages": "4814-4833","abstract": "The presented research describes the holistic development of a modular lightweight timber shell. So-called segmented timber shells approximate curved geometries with the use of planar plates, thus combining the excellent structural performance of double curved shells with the resource-efficient prefabrication of timber modules using only planar elements. Segmented timber shells constitute a novel building system that demands for innovative approaches on structural design and construction technologies. The geometric complexity of plate shells in conjunction with the particularities of the building material wood pose great challenges to the computational design and planning processes as structural requirements and fabrication constraints determine the shell design at early design phases. This paper discusses the design development and construction of the BUGA Wood Pavilion: A segmented timber shell structure made of hollow cassette components. Particular\r\nemphasis lies on the technical challenges of the employed building system, notably structural design and analysis, detailing solutions and the construction process. The authors further describe the integrative structural design and optimization methods developed for the timber shell in question. The BUGA Wood Pavilion demonstrates\r\nthe possibilities of lightweight and sustainable wood architecture merging the merits of integrative design, structural engineering and high-tech robotic fabrication methods.", "language" : "eng", "doi" : "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.10.032", "bibtexKey": "bechert2021integrative" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/2340afc5fafcc77a807e2074ea66f5655/itke", "tags" : [ "modular","finger","sonntag","segmented","knippers","engineering","shell","2021","structure","itke","from:petraheim","fabrication","form-finding","buga","methods","aldinger","joints","heilbronn","plate","robotic","lightweight","integrative","design","optimization","timber","computational","bechert" ], "intraHash" : "340afc5fafcc77a807e2074ea66f5655", "interHash" : "6e81c9dcb5cfe86b6b5e6c16652f2c05", "label" : "Integrative structural design and engineering methods for segmented timber shells : BUGA Wood Pavilion", "user" : "itke", "description" : "", "date" : "2023-03-27 12:30:50", "changeDate" : "2023-05-16 11:39:36", "count" : 5, "pub-type": "article", "journal": "Structures","publisher":"Elsevier", "year": "2021", "url": "", "author": [ "Simon Bechert","Daniel Sonntag","Lotte Aldinger","Jan Knippers" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"}, {"first" : "Daniel", "last" : "Sonntag"}, {"first" : "Lotte", "last" : "Aldinger"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"} ], "volume": "34","number": "December","pages": "4814-4833","abstract": "The presented research describes the holistic development of a modular lightweight timber shell. So-called segmented timber shells approximate curved geometries with the use of planar plates, thus combining the excellent structural performance of double curved shells with the resource-efficient prefabrication of timber modules using only planar elements. Segmented timber shells constitute a novel building system that demands for innovative approaches on structural design and construction technologies. The geometric complexity of plate shells in conjunction with the particularities of the building material wood pose great challenges to the computational design and planning processes as structural requirements and fabrication constraints determine the shell design at early design phases. This paper discusses the design development and construction of the BUGA Wood Pavilion: A segmented timber shell structure made of hollow cassette components. Particular\r\nemphasis lies on the technical challenges of the employed building system, notably structural design and analysis, detailing solutions and the construction process. The authors further describe the integrative structural design and optimization methods developed for the timber shell in question. The BUGA Wood Pavilion demonstrates\r\nthe possibilities of lightweight and sustainable wood architecture merging the merits of integrative design, structural engineering and high-tech robotic fabrication methods.", "language" : "eng", "doi" : "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.10.032", "bibtexKey": "bechert2021integrative" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/256f7eeb6dfd39c95c668f124ea0fb989/petraheim", "tags" : [ "2021","CLT","Timber","aldinger","architecture","bechert","computational","connection","cross-laminated","crossing-screw","curved","design","digital","engineering","fabrication","folded","integrative","itke","knippers","lightweight","menges","self-shaping","shell","structure","surface-active","tower","urbach","wood" ], "intraHash" : "56f7eeb6dfd39c95c668f124ea0fb989", "interHash" : "aad8f6d70032f2e6ebd1aa44175ecd70", "label" : "Urbach Tower: Integrative structural design of a lightweight structure made of self-shaped curved cross-laminated timber", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2021-07-06 10:40:17", "changeDate" : "2021-07-06 08:40:17", "count" : 6, "pub-type": "article", "journal": "Structures","publisher":"ELSEVIER SCI LTD", "year": "2021", "url": "", "author": [ "Simon Bechert","Lotte Aldinger","Dylan Wood","Jan Knippers","Achim Menges" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"}, {"first" : "Lotte", "last" : "Aldinger"}, {"first" : "Dylan", "last" : "Wood"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"}, {"first" : "Achim", "last" : "Menges"} ], "volume": "33","pages": "3667--3681","abstract": "Recent development in research and practice for curved cross-laminated timber (CLT) opens up novel and interesting possibilities for applications of slender surface-active shell structures in architecture. Such typologies provide advantageous structural behaviour allowing for efficient and lightweight structures while simultaneously determine the envelope and space of a building. The high degree of prefabrication combined with a sustainable and renewable building material makes CLT an ecological and economic solution for future construction. This paper presents the design development and construction of the Urbach Tower for the Remstal Gartenschau 2019: a structure made from high curvature CLT components on a building scale. This research contribution illustrates a sophisticated integrative design to construction process emphasizing computational and structural design, fabrication and detailing for curved timber components in complex spatial structures. The authors further explore the structural potential of self-shaped curved CLT investigating the influence of curvature radius on the load-bearing behaviour of the tower structure. The Urbach Tower translates these technical developments into practice arising at the intersection of digital innovation and scientific research.", "language" : "eng", "doi" : "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.06.073", "bibtexKey": "bechert2021urbach" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/256f7eeb6dfd39c95c668f124ea0fb989/itke", "tags" : [ "surface-active","knippers","engineering","shell","2021","digital","structure","itke","from:petraheim","fabrication","menges","cross-laminated","curved","folded","Timber","aldinger","crossing-screw","CLT","lightweight","integrative","self-shaping","design","connection","urbach","wood","computational","architecture","bechert","tower" ], "intraHash" : "56f7eeb6dfd39c95c668f124ea0fb989", "interHash" : "aad8f6d70032f2e6ebd1aa44175ecd70", "label" : "Urbach Tower: Integrative structural design of a lightweight structure made of self-shaped curved cross-laminated timber", "user" : "itke", "description" : "", "date" : "2021-07-06 10:40:17", "changeDate" : "2021-07-06 08:40:17", "count" : 6, "pub-type": "article", "journal": "Structures","publisher":"ELSEVIER SCI LTD", "year": "2021", "url": "", "author": [ "Simon Bechert","Lotte Aldinger","Dylan Wood","Jan Knippers","Achim Menges" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"}, {"first" : "Lotte", "last" : "Aldinger"}, {"first" : "Dylan", "last" : "Wood"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"}, {"first" : "Achim", "last" : "Menges"} ], "volume": "33","pages": "3667--3681","abstract": "Recent development in research and practice for curved cross-laminated timber (CLT) opens up novel and interesting possibilities for applications of slender surface-active shell structures in architecture. Such typologies provide advantageous structural behaviour allowing for efficient and lightweight structures while simultaneously determine the envelope and space of a building. The high degree of prefabrication combined with a sustainable and renewable building material makes CLT an ecological and economic solution for future construction. This paper presents the design development and construction of the Urbach Tower for the Remstal Gartenschau 2019: a structure made from high curvature CLT components on a building scale. This research contribution illustrates a sophisticated integrative design to construction process emphasizing computational and structural design, fabrication and detailing for curved timber components in complex spatial structures. The authors further explore the structural potential of self-shaped curved CLT investigating the influence of curvature radius on the load-bearing behaviour of the tower structure. The Urbach Tower translates these technical developments into practice arising at the intersection of digital innovation and scientific research.", "language" : "eng", "doi" : "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.06.073", "bibtexKey": "bechert2021urbach" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/226f1ec9390a0245dacb4b4e464bbec11/petraheim", "tags" : [ "2017","acttively","analysis","bent","diss","dissertation","engineering","form-finding","forschungsbericht","grid","itke","li","plate","segmental","shell","structural","structure","timber" ], "intraHash" : "26f1ec9390a0245dacb4b4e464bbec11", "interHash" : "b63b7f1729a68f2d49cf78422af4e9de", "label" : "Timber Shell Structures: Form-finding and Structural Analysis of Actively Bent Grid Shells and Segmental Plate Shells", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2020-06-23 16:38:28", "changeDate" : "2021-07-01 13:04:36", "count" : 2, "pub-type": "phdthesis", "series": "Forschungsberichte aus dem Institut für Tragkonstruktionen und Konstruktives Entwerfen","publisher":"Stuttgart: Institut für Tragkonstruktionen und Konstruktives Entwerfen","address":"ITKE, Stuttgart, Germany", "year": "2017", "url": "", "author": [ "Li. Jian-Min" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Li.", "last" : "Jian-Min"} ], "editor": [ "Jan Knippers" ], "editors": [ {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"} ], "volume": "42","abstract": "Shell structures are structurally efficient but difficult to manufacture and thus expansive. Actively bent grid shells and segmental plate shells could be alternatives. The first kind utilizes bended members to form a continuously curved geometry and thus reduce the complexity of the joints. The second kind utilizes the stability inherited in trivalent geometries to be able to build a shell without using bending stiff joints. Both these two types of timber shell structures could largely reduce the construction cost. That is why they are chosen as the research topics. The dynamic relaxation method (DR) is applied in this research as an important numerical method. It is used as the fundamental base for developing the form-finding tools of both actively bent grid shells\r\nand the segmental grid shells. A solver capable of the structural analysis of beam system is also developed here based on DR. Through the text, we show that DR could handle not only form-finding problems but also geometrically nonlinear analysis.\r\nThe dissertation consists of four parts. Part I is the introduction. Part II and Part III present both the form-finding and analysis techniques of these two types of timber shell structures. The last part is the conclusions.", "isbn" : "978-3-922302-42-1", "language" : "eng", "bibtexKey": "jianmin2017timber" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/2e5b2fc6e8231550abe40d8f24cd0bd42/itke", "tags" : [ "2015","architecture","biomimetic","design","fabrication","from:petraheim","geometry","itke","knippers","krieg","leightweight","li","menges","plate","robotic","schmitt","schwieger","schwinn","shell","structures","timber" ], "intraHash" : "e5b2fc6e8231550abe40d8f24cd0bd42", "interHash" : "f457358d430d8a4fbcc11b242238832b", "label" : "Biomimetic Lightweight Timber Plate Shells: Computational Integration of Robotic Fabrication, Architectural Geometry and Structural Design.", "user" : "itke", "description" : "", "date" : "2020-05-22 14:28:48", "changeDate" : "2021-07-08 15:03:10", "count" : 7, "pub-type": "inbook", "booktitle": "Advances in Architectural Geometry 2014","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","address":"Cham, Heidelberg, New York", "year": "2015", "url": "", "author": [ "Oliver David Krieg","Tobias Schwinn","Achim Menges","Jian-Min Li","Jan Knippers","A. Schmitt","V. Schwieger" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Oliver David", "last" : "Krieg"}, {"first" : "Tobias", "last" : "Schwinn"}, {"first" : "Achim", "last" : "Menges"}, {"first" : "Jian-Min", "last" : "Li"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"}, {"first" : "A.", "last" : "Schmitt"}, {"first" : "V.", "last" : "Schwieger"} ], "editor": [ "Philippe Block","Jan Knippers","Niloy J. Mitra","Wenping Wang" ], "editors": [ {"first" : "Philippe", "last" : "Block"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"}, {"first" : "Niloy J.", "last" : "Mitra"}, {"first" : "Wenping", "last" : "Wang"} ], "pages": "109 \u2013 126","abstract": "The research presented in this paper pursues the development and construction of a robotically fabricated, lightweight timber plate system through a biologically informed, integrative computational design method. In the first part of the paper, the authors give an overview of their approach starting with the description of the biological role model and its technical abstraction, moving on to discuss the computational modelling approach that integrates relevant aspects of biomimetics, robotic fabrication and structural design. As part of the validation of the research, a full-scale, fully enclosed, insulated and waterproof building prototype has been developed and realized: The first building featuring a robotically fabricated primary structure made of beech plywood. Subsequently, the methods and results of a geodetic evaluation of the fabrication process are presented. Finally, as the close collaboration between architects, structural and geodetic engineers, and timber fabricators is integral to the process, the architectural and structural potentials of such integrative design processes are discussed.", "isbn" : "978-3-319-11417-0", "language" : "Englisch", "doi" : "10.1007/978-3-319-11418-7", "bibtexKey": "krieg2015biomimetic" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/230c3b51b4e8755899c7835dc87a3e0f6/itke", "tags" : [ "2015","application","exhibition","finger","from:petraheim","gmünd","hall","itke","joint","knippers","laga","landesgartenschau","li","lightweight","müllerblaustein","peer-reviewed","plate","robotic","schwäbisch","segmental","shell","structure","timber" ], "intraHash" : "30c3b51b4e8755899c7835dc87a3e0f6", "interHash" : "23830758523e6a7c9fffb831970fe94f", "label" : "Segmental Timber Plate Shell for the Landesgartenschau Exhibition Hall in Schwäbisch Gmünd the Application of Finger Joints in Plate Structures", "user" : "itke", "description" : "", "date" : "2020-05-22 14:25:35", "changeDate" : "2020-05-25 14:54:58", "count" : 2, "pub-type": "article", "journal": "International Journal of Space Structures","publisher":"sage", "year": "2015", "url": "", "author": [ "Jian-Min Li","Jan Knippers" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Jian-Min", "last" : "Li"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"} ], "volume": "Vol. 30","number": "No. 2","abstract": "Segmental plate shells are an interesting option for the design and construction of cost-effective shell structures. They are composed of prefabricated segmental plates that are joined together to become an integral structure that generates a shell action and transfers external loads into membrane forces. However, connections between segmental plates nearly always weaken shell structures as they disturb the material continuity and thus their stiffness.\r\nThe application of finger joint connections can effectively increase the in-plane stiffness and thus makes plate shell structures stiffer and stronger. Moreover, they attract more forces to flow through the connection in the form of in-plane shears instead of axial forces and thus reduce the load in the axial direction of a connection. As a result, the application of finger joints allows a lighter axial joint design with smaller screw diameters, which is preferred in a thin timber plate structure.\r\nThe paper presents the Landesgartenschau Exhibition Hall as a successful demonstrator for segmental timber plate shells and highlights the design of the finger joint connections.", "language" : "eng", "doi" : "https://doi.org/10.1260/0266-3511.30.2.123", "bibtexKey": "li2015segmental" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/24c235e74cf4c80e8dca7d74edba569f7/itke", "tags" : [ "2017","bechert","bending-active","biomimetic","finger","from:petraheim","itke","joint","knippers","robotic","segments","shell","sonntag","timber" ], "intraHash" : "4c235e74cf4c80e8dca7d74edba569f7", "interHash" : "d76f6db7cca45c642c901244097e1625", "label" : "Biomimetic timber shells made of bending-active segments", "user" : "itke", "description" : "", "date" : "2020-05-22 14:25:15", "changeDate" : "2020-05-25 08:11:20", "count" : 2, "pub-type": "article", "journal": "International Journal of Space Structures", "year": "2017", "url": "", "author": [ "Daniel Sonntag","Simon Bechert","Jan Knippers" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Daniel", "last" : "Sonntag"}, {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"} ], "volume": "Vol. 32","number": "(3-4)","pages": "149 \u2013 159","abstract": "In the research field of segmented timber shells, two construction systems have lately received much attention, which both expose interesting structural and constructional characteristics: planar plate structures made of thin plywood and actively bent plywood structures. The research presented in this article combines elements of both approaches, resulting in a construction system for segmented shell structures with elastically bent elements. The increasing complexity of this approach requires a sophisticated design process, which integrates fabrication constraints as well as structural feedback. As a consequence, form-finding strategies of bending-active timber shells are discussed, with a special focus on the programming of the stiffness distribution in order to fulfil geometrical requirements. The authors also reflect on the specific structural challenges of joining thin sheets of plywood by transferring traditional textile connection methods to timber construction. Investigations of biological role models such as the sand dollar led to transfers of constructional principles on different levels. The resulting construction system was validated through the design and construction of a full-scale architectural prototype", "language" : "eng", "bibtexKey": "sonntag2017biomimetic" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/21aa23a848c65ed53a89969fa3cacc40d/itke", "tags" : [ "2016","bechert","bending","custom-laminated","elastic","fabrication","from:petraheim","itke","knippers","krieg","menges","schwinn","segmental","shell","sonntag","technique","textile","timber","veneer" ], "intraHash" : "1aa23a848c65ed53a89969fa3cacc40d", "interHash" : "3f9d91f1da2a344ee5feae270d76a133", "label" : "Textile Fabrication Techniques for Timber Shells: Elastic Bending of Custom-Laminated Veneer for Segmented Shell", "user" : "itke", "description" : "", "date" : "2020-05-22 14:23:01", "changeDate" : "2020-07-06 09:46:36", "count" : 2, "pub-type": "inproceedings", "booktitle": "Advances in Architectural Geometry 2016","address":"Zurich, Switzerland", "year": "2016", "url": "", "author": [ "Simon Bechert","Jan Knippers","Oliver D. Krieg","Achim Menges","Tobias Schwinn","Daniel Sonntag" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"}, {"first" : "Oliver D.", "last" : "Krieg"}, {"first" : "Achim", "last" : "Menges"}, {"first" : "Tobias", "last" : "Schwinn"}, {"first" : "Daniel", "last" : "Sonntag"} ], "editor": [ "S. Adriaenssens","F. Gramazio","M. Kohler","Achim Menges","M Pauly" ], "editors": [ {"first" : "S.", "last" : "Adriaenssens"}, {"first" : "F.", "last" : "Gramazio"}, {"first" : "M.", "last" : "Kohler"}, {"first" : "Achim", "last" : "Menges"}, {"first" : "M", "last" : "Pauly"} ], "pages": "164 \u2013 169","abstract": "Recent developments in the field of segmented timber shells have shown promising\r\nstructural and constructional characteristics. Advancements in computational\r\ndesign and digital fabrication enable architects and engineers to handle\r\nthe increased geometric complexity necessary for this new construction type,\r\nintegrating fabrication constraints and structural feedback in one design model.\r\nThe research presented in this paper builds on new findings from biological role\r\nmodels for the constructional morphology, connection type, and material distribution\r\nof segmented shells. Based on the transfer of these principles, a robotic\r\nfabrication technique was developed that enables the production of elastically\r\nbent, double-layered segments made from custom-laminated beech plywood,\r\nby transferring traditional textile connection methods to timber construction. The\r\nconstruction system was evaluated through the design, production, and assembly\r\nof a large demonstrator.", "language" : "eng", "bibtexKey": "bechert2016textile" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/2af6a011c45d52bf62bd060276dbec7c1/itke", "tags" : [ "segmented","knippers","shell","performance","groenewolt","structure","system","2018","structural","itke","from:petraheim","construction","krieg","timber","menges","architecture","bechert" ], "intraHash" : "af6a011c45d52bf62bd060276dbec7c1", "interHash" : "b44e4fde9651578fa5f3e8f5d667e097", "label" : "Structural Performance of Construction Systems for Segmented Timber Shell Structures", "user" : "itke", "description" : "", "date" : "2020-05-22 14:22:38", "changeDate" : "2020-05-22 12:22:38", "count" : 2, "pub-type": "inproceedings", "booktitle": "Proceedings of the IASS Annual Symposium 2018 Creativity in Structural Design","address":"Boston, USA", "year": "2018", "url": "", "author": [ "Simon Bechert","Abel Groenewolt","Oliver D. Krieg","Achim Menges","Jan Knippers" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"}, {"first" : "Abel", "last" : "Groenewolt"}, {"first" : "Oliver D.", "last" : "Krieg"}, {"first" : "Achim", "last" : "Menges"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"} ], "language" : "eng", "bibtexKey": "bechert2018structural" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/2a8508b43d995b88b9c602320897b81d8/itke", "tags" : [ "joint","schwinn","wagner","segmented","knippers","shell","lightweight","garufi","2018","itke","from:petraheim","timber","fibrous","wood","menges","architecture","bechert" ], "intraHash" : "a8508b43d995b88b9c602320897b81d8", "interHash" : "ea779fb30dfada461162c917014edc50", "label" : "Fibrous Joints for Lightweight Segmented Timber Shells", "user" : "itke", "description" : "", "date" : "2020-05-22 14:22:38", "changeDate" : "2020-05-22 12:22:38", "count" : 4, "pub-type": "inproceedings", "booktitle": "RCA Conference 2018","address":"Kaiserslautern, Germany", "year": "2018", "url": "", "author": [ "Dominga Garufi","Hans Jakob Wagner","Tobias Schwinn","Dylan Wood","Simon Bechert","Achim Menges","Jan Knippers" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Dominga", "last" : "Garufi"}, {"first" : "Hans Jakob", "last" : "Wagner"}, {"first" : "Tobias", "last" : "Schwinn"}, {"first" : "Dylan", "last" : "Wood"}, {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"}, {"first" : "Achim", "last" : "Menges"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"} ], "language" : "eng", "bibtexKey": "garufi2018fibrous" } ] }