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Still, due to its limited availability, it is questioned to which degree timber could substitute steel and concrete, and strategies to reduce its consumption are necessary. The Cluster of Excellence \u201CIntCDC\u201D investigates novel approachesto sustainable architecture. These exploit integrative computational design and automatic fabrication. These have been showcased in the livMatS Biomimetic Shell, for which a hollow timber cassette has been realized. In this study, the Lifecycle Assessment (LCA) analysis evaluated the developed cassette's environmental profile compared with other functionally equivalent systems. The analyses showed that the livMatS Biomimetic Shell reduced material consumption by 51% and a Global Warming Potential (GWP) 39% lower than conventional timber construction. Optimized fabrication processes allowed for emissions reduction by 60% in comparison with a solid cross-laminated timber box.", "version" : "V1", "bibtexKey": "darus-4434_2024" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/269c00823335f2b52a32b3a9d7cc857fa/itke", "tags" : [ "environmental","göbel","2024","knippers","quality","wortmann","the","itke","Biomimetic","fabrication","constructions","sawodny","menges","case","study","leistner","wagner","opgenorth","robotic","Shell","schlopschnat","skoury","bairi","stark","lauer","design","livMatS","timber","wood","Computational","treml","bechert" ], "intraHash" : "69c00823335f2b52a32b3a9d7cc857fa", "interHash" : "292770d0d737f584adb8c49a193af975", "label" : "Computational design and robotic fabrication for high environmental quality timber constructions: the livMatS Biomimetic Shell case study", "user" : "itke", "description" : "", "date" : "2025-06-11 13:09:40", "changeDate" : "2025-06-11 13:09:40", "count" : 9, "pub-type": "dataset", "publisher":"DaRUS", "year": "2024", "url": "https://doi.org/10.18419/darus-4434", "author": [ "Roberta Di Bari","Anja Patricia Regina Lauer","Christoph Schlopschnat","Simon Treml","Nils Opgenorth","Lior Skoury","Tim Stark","Simon Bechert","Monika Göbel","Hans Jakob Wagner","Dylan Wood","Philip Leistner","Jan Knippers","Achim Menges","Oliver Sawodny","Thomas Wortmann" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Roberta", "last" : "Di Bari"}, {"first" : "Anja Patricia Regina", "last" : "Lauer"}, {"first" : "Christoph", "last" : "Schlopschnat"}, {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Treml"}, {"first" : "Nils", "last" : "Opgenorth"}, {"first" : "Lior", "last" : "Skoury"}, {"first" : "Tim", "last" : "Stark"}, {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"}, {"first" : "Monika", "last" : "Göbel"}, {"first" : "Hans Jakob", "last" : "Wagner"}, {"first" : "Dylan", "last" : "Wood"}, {"first" : "Philip", "last" : "Leistner"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"}, {"first" : "Achim", "last" : "Menges"}, {"first" : "Oliver", "last" : "Sawodny"}, {"first" : "Thomas", "last" : "Wortmann"} ], "abstract": "The dataset includes the raw data and the corresponding report for the life cycle assessment of the building demonstrator 'livMatS Biomimetic Shell' (Website).The pressure on the construction industry to reduce its environmental impact is leading practitioners to investigate the use of more sustainable materials, such as timber. Still, due to its limited availability, it is questioned to which degree timber could substitute steel and concrete, and strategies to reduce its consumption are necessary. The Cluster of Excellence \u201CIntCDC\u201D investigates novel approachesto sustainable architecture. These exploit integrative computational design and automatic fabrication. These have been showcased in the livMatS Biomimetic Shell, for which a hollow timber cassette has been realized. In this study, the Lifecycle Assessment (LCA) analysis evaluated the developed cassette's environmental profile compared with other functionally equivalent systems. The analyses showed that the livMatS Biomimetic Shell reduced material consumption by 51% and a Global Warming Potential (GWP) 39% lower than conventional timber construction. Optimized fabrication processes allowed for emissions reduction by 60% in comparison with a solid cross-laminated timber box.", "version" : "V1", "bibtexKey": "darus-4434_2024" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/2a3314a2930f8c4c5750746112105f0c1/petraheim", "tags" : [ "2025","aicher","assessment","balangé","bechert","circular","construction","engineering","fabrication","gorokhova","göbel","itke","knippers","lightweight","menges","modular","relocation","robotic","schwieger","segmented","shell","structural","structure","timber" ], "intraHash" : "a3314a2930f8c4c5750746112105f0c1", "interHash" : "3bcb77135d3940acf326ac917532f269", "label" : "Segmented Timber Shells for Circular Construction: Relocation, Structural Assessment, and Robotic Fabrication of a Modular, Lightweight Timber Structure", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2025-06-11 11:46:41", "changeDate" : "2025-06-11 11:46:41", "count" : 7, "pub-type": "article", "journal": "Buildings", "year": "2025", "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/11/1857", "author": [ "Simon Bechert","Simon Aicher","Lyudmila Gorokhova","Laura Balangé","Monika Göbel","Volker Schwieger","Achim Menges","Jan Knippers" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"}, {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Aicher"}, {"first" : "Lyudmila", "last" : "Gorokhova"}, {"first" : "Laura", "last" : "Balangé"}, {"first" : "Monika", "last" : "Göbel"}, {"first" : "Volker", "last" : "Schwieger"}, {"first" : "Achim", "last" : "Menges"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"} ], "volume": "15","number": "11","abstract": "Segmented timber shells present a novel building system that utilizes modular, planar building components to create lightweight free-form structures in architecture. Recent advancements in the research field of segmented timber shells pursue, among others, two fundamentally opposing research objectives. 1. The modularity of their building components facilitates the reuse of such structures in response to a changing built environment. 2. Advanced developments aim at establishing segmented timber shells as permanent building structures for sustainable architecture. This paper addresses the first research objective through the successful relocation of the BUGA Wood Pavilion in the context of the proposed methodology of Co-Design for circular construction. The methods and results involve integrative design and engineering processes and advanced quality assessment methods, including structural, geodetic, and physical properties for modular timber constructions. The BUGA Wood Pavilion serves as a building demonstrator for the presented research on segmented shells as lightweight, reusable, and durable timber structures.", "issn" : "2075-5309", "article-number" : "1857", "doi" : "10.3390/buildings15111857", "bibtexKey": "buildings15111857" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/2a3314a2930f8c4c5750746112105f0c1/itke", "tags" : [ "modular","relocation","göbel","gorokhova","segmented","knippers","engineering","shell","circular","structure","itke","fabrication","menges","aicher","robotic","lightweight","assessment","balangé","structural","2025","construction","schwieger","timber","bechert" ], "intraHash" : "a3314a2930f8c4c5750746112105f0c1", "interHash" : "3bcb77135d3940acf326ac917532f269", "label" : "Segmented Timber Shells for Circular Construction: Relocation, Structural Assessment, and Robotic Fabrication of a Modular, Lightweight Timber Structure", "user" : "itke", "description" : "", "date" : "2025-06-11 11:46:41", "changeDate" : "2025-06-11 11:46:41", "count" : 7, "pub-type": "article", "journal": "Buildings", "year": "2025", "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/11/1857", "author": [ "Simon Bechert","Simon Aicher","Lyudmila Gorokhova","Laura Balangé","Monika Göbel","Volker Schwieger","Achim Menges","Jan Knippers" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"}, {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Aicher"}, {"first" : "Lyudmila", "last" : "Gorokhova"}, {"first" : "Laura", "last" : "Balangé"}, {"first" : "Monika", "last" : "Göbel"}, {"first" : "Volker", "last" : "Schwieger"}, {"first" : "Achim", "last" : "Menges"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"} ], "volume": "15","number": "11","abstract": "Segmented timber shells present a novel building system that utilizes modular, planar building components to create lightweight free-form structures in architecture. Recent advancements in the research field of segmented timber shells pursue, among others, two fundamentally opposing research objectives. 1. The modularity of their building components facilitates the reuse of such structures in response to a changing built environment. 2. Advanced developments aim at establishing segmented timber shells as permanent building structures for sustainable architecture. This paper addresses the first research objective through the successful relocation of the BUGA Wood Pavilion in the context of the proposed methodology of Co-Design for circular construction. The methods and results involve integrative design and engineering processes and advanced quality assessment methods, including structural, geodetic, and physical properties for modular timber constructions. The BUGA Wood Pavilion serves as a building demonstrator for the presented research on segmented shells as lightweight, reusable, and durable timber structures.", "issn" : "2075-5309", "article-number" : "1857", "doi" : "10.3390/buildings15111857", "bibtexKey": "buildings15111857" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/2340afc5fafcc77a807e2074ea66f5655/petraheim", "tags" : [ "2021","aldinger","bechert","buga","computational","design","engineering","fabrication","finger","form-finding","heilbronn","integrative","itke","joints","knippers","lightweight","methods","modular","optimization","plate","robotic","segmented","shell","sonntag","structure","timber" ], "intraHash" : "340afc5fafcc77a807e2074ea66f5655", "interHash" : "6e81c9dcb5cfe86b6b5e6c16652f2c05", "label" : "Integrative structural design and engineering methods for segmented timber shells : BUGA Wood Pavilion", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2023-03-27 12:30:50", "changeDate" : "2023-05-16 11:39:36", "count" : 5, "pub-type": "article", "journal": "Structures","publisher":"Elsevier", "year": "2021", "url": "", "author": [ "Simon Bechert","Daniel Sonntag","Lotte Aldinger","Jan Knippers" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"}, {"first" : "Daniel", "last" : "Sonntag"}, {"first" : "Lotte", "last" : "Aldinger"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"} ], "volume": "34","number": "December","pages": "4814-4833","abstract": "The presented research describes the holistic development of a modular lightweight timber shell. So-called segmented timber shells approximate curved geometries with the use of planar plates, thus combining the excellent structural performance of double curved shells with the resource-efficient prefabrication of timber modules using only planar elements. Segmented timber shells constitute a novel building system that demands for innovative approaches on structural design and construction technologies. The geometric complexity of plate shells in conjunction with the particularities of the building material wood pose great challenges to the computational design and planning processes as structural requirements and fabrication constraints determine the shell design at early design phases. This paper discusses the design development and construction of the BUGA Wood Pavilion: A segmented timber shell structure made of hollow cassette components. Particular\r\nemphasis lies on the technical challenges of the employed building system, notably structural design and analysis, detailing solutions and the construction process. The authors further describe the integrative structural design and optimization methods developed for the timber shell in question. The BUGA Wood Pavilion demonstrates\r\nthe possibilities of lightweight and sustainable wood architecture merging the merits of integrative design, structural engineering and high-tech robotic fabrication methods.", "language" : "eng", "doi" : "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.10.032", "bibtexKey": "bechert2021integrative" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/2340afc5fafcc77a807e2074ea66f5655/itke", "tags" : [ "modular","finger","sonntag","segmented","knippers","engineering","shell","2021","structure","itke","from:petraheim","fabrication","form-finding","buga","methods","aldinger","joints","heilbronn","plate","robotic","lightweight","integrative","design","optimization","timber","computational","bechert" ], "intraHash" : "340afc5fafcc77a807e2074ea66f5655", "interHash" : "6e81c9dcb5cfe86b6b5e6c16652f2c05", "label" : "Integrative structural design and engineering methods for segmented timber shells : BUGA Wood Pavilion", "user" : "itke", "description" : "", "date" : "2023-03-27 12:30:50", "changeDate" : "2023-05-16 11:39:36", "count" : 5, "pub-type": "article", "journal": "Structures","publisher":"Elsevier", "year": "2021", "url": "", "author": [ "Simon Bechert","Daniel Sonntag","Lotte Aldinger","Jan Knippers" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"}, {"first" : "Daniel", "last" : "Sonntag"}, {"first" : "Lotte", "last" : "Aldinger"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"} ], "volume": "34","number": "December","pages": "4814-4833","abstract": "The presented research describes the holistic development of a modular lightweight timber shell. So-called segmented timber shells approximate curved geometries with the use of planar plates, thus combining the excellent structural performance of double curved shells with the resource-efficient prefabrication of timber modules using only planar elements. Segmented timber shells constitute a novel building system that demands for innovative approaches on structural design and construction technologies. The geometric complexity of plate shells in conjunction with the particularities of the building material wood pose great challenges to the computational design and planning processes as structural requirements and fabrication constraints determine the shell design at early design phases. This paper discusses the design development and construction of the BUGA Wood Pavilion: A segmented timber shell structure made of hollow cassette components. Particular\r\nemphasis lies on the technical challenges of the employed building system, notably structural design and analysis, detailing solutions and the construction process. The authors further describe the integrative structural design and optimization methods developed for the timber shell in question. The BUGA Wood Pavilion demonstrates\r\nthe possibilities of lightweight and sustainable wood architecture merging the merits of integrative design, structural engineering and high-tech robotic fabrication methods.", "language" : "eng", "doi" : "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.10.032", "bibtexKey": "bechert2021integrative" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/208f84ce2076285c435d9ac305e51d01f/itke", "tags" : [ "2015","baharlou","behavioural","composite","dörstelmann","fabrication","fiber","formwork","from:petraheim","itke","knippers","koslowski","menges","pneumatic","prado","robotic","schieber","shell","vasey" ], "intraHash" : "08f84ce2076285c435d9ac305e51d01f", "interHash" : "de16537284abc5f5ad8ad6a3d3f8b356", "label" : "Behavioral Design and Adaptive Robotic Fabrication of a Fiber Composite Compression Shell With Pneumatic Formwork", "user" : "itke", "description" : "", "date" : "2020-05-22 14:29:51", "changeDate" : "2021-07-08 14:47:30", "count" : 5, "pub-type": "inproceedings", "booktitle": "Proceedings of ACADIA 2015", "year": "2015", "url": "", "author": [ "Lauren Vasey","Ehsan Baharlou","Moritz Dörstelmann","Valentin Koslowski","Marshall Prado","Gundula Schieber","Achim Menges","Jan Knippers" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Lauren", "last" : "Vasey"}, {"first" : "Ehsan", "last" : "Baharlou"}, {"first" : "Moritz", "last" : "Dörstelmann"}, {"first" : "Valentin", "last" : "Koslowski"}, {"first" : "Marshall", "last" : "Prado"}, {"first" : "Gundula", "last" : "Schieber"}, {"first" : "Achim", "last" : "Menges"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"} ], "pages": "297--309","abstract": "This paper presents the production and development of an adaptive robotically fabricated fiber composite compression shell with pneumatic formwork as a case study for investigating a generative behavioral design model and an adaptive, online mode of production. The project builds off of previous research at the University of Stuttgart on lightweight fiber composite structures which attempts to reduce the necessary formwork for fabrication while simultaneously incorporating structural, material and fabrication logics into an integrative computational design tool. This paper discusses the design development and fabrication workflow of the project, as well a set of strategies which were developed for online robotic programming in response to live sensor data.", "file" : "Vasey et al. - 2015 - Behavioral Design and Adaptive Robotic Fabrication.pdf:/Users/Tobias/Zotero/storage/G4S6FSTL/Vasey et al. - 2015 - Behavioral Design and Adaptive Robotic Fabrication.pdf:application/pdf", "doi" : "http://papers.cumincad.org/data/works/att/acadia15_297.pdf", "bibtexKey": "vasey_behavioral_2015" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/2e5b2fc6e8231550abe40d8f24cd0bd42/itke", "tags" : [ "2015","architecture","biomimetic","design","fabrication","from:petraheim","geometry","itke","knippers","krieg","leightweight","li","menges","plate","robotic","schmitt","schwieger","schwinn","shell","structures","timber" ], "intraHash" : "e5b2fc6e8231550abe40d8f24cd0bd42", "interHash" : "f457358d430d8a4fbcc11b242238832b", "label" : "Biomimetic Lightweight Timber Plate Shells: Computational Integration of Robotic Fabrication, Architectural Geometry and Structural Design.", "user" : "itke", "description" : "", "date" : "2020-05-22 14:28:48", "changeDate" : "2021-07-08 15:03:10", "count" : 7, "pub-type": "inbook", "booktitle": "Advances in Architectural Geometry 2014","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","address":"Cham, Heidelberg, New York", "year": "2015", "url": "", "author": [ "Oliver David Krieg","Tobias Schwinn","Achim Menges","Jian-Min Li","Jan Knippers","A. Schmitt","V. Schwieger" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Oliver David", "last" : "Krieg"}, {"first" : "Tobias", "last" : "Schwinn"}, {"first" : "Achim", "last" : "Menges"}, {"first" : "Jian-Min", "last" : "Li"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"}, {"first" : "A.", "last" : "Schmitt"}, {"first" : "V.", "last" : "Schwieger"} ], "editor": [ "Philippe Block","Jan Knippers","Niloy J. Mitra","Wenping Wang" ], "editors": [ {"first" : "Philippe", "last" : "Block"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"}, {"first" : "Niloy J.", "last" : "Mitra"}, {"first" : "Wenping", "last" : "Wang"} ], "pages": "109 \u2013 126","abstract": "The research presented in this paper pursues the development and construction of a robotically fabricated, lightweight timber plate system through a biologically informed, integrative computational design method. In the first part of the paper, the authors give an overview of their approach starting with the description of the biological role model and its technical abstraction, moving on to discuss the computational modelling approach that integrates relevant aspects of biomimetics, robotic fabrication and structural design. As part of the validation of the research, a full-scale, fully enclosed, insulated and waterproof building prototype has been developed and realized: The first building featuring a robotically fabricated primary structure made of beech plywood. Subsequently, the methods and results of a geodetic evaluation of the fabrication process are presented. Finally, as the close collaboration between architects, structural and geodetic engineers, and timber fabricators is integral to the process, the architectural and structural potentials of such integrative design processes are discussed.", "isbn" : "978-3-319-11417-0", "language" : "Englisch", "doi" : "10.1007/978-3-319-11418-7", "bibtexKey": "krieg2015biomimetic" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/230c3b51b4e8755899c7835dc87a3e0f6/itke", "tags" : [ "2015","application","exhibition","finger","from:petraheim","gmünd","hall","itke","joint","knippers","laga","landesgartenschau","li","lightweight","müllerblaustein","peer-reviewed","plate","robotic","schwäbisch","segmental","shell","structure","timber" ], "intraHash" : "30c3b51b4e8755899c7835dc87a3e0f6", "interHash" : "23830758523e6a7c9fffb831970fe94f", "label" : "Segmental Timber Plate Shell for the Landesgartenschau Exhibition Hall in Schwäbisch Gmünd the Application of Finger Joints in Plate Structures", "user" : "itke", "description" : "", "date" : "2020-05-22 14:25:35", "changeDate" : "2020-05-25 14:54:58", "count" : 2, "pub-type": "article", "journal": "International Journal of Space Structures","publisher":"sage", "year": "2015", "url": "", "author": [ "Jian-Min Li","Jan Knippers" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Jian-Min", "last" : "Li"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"} ], "volume": "Vol. 30","number": "No. 2","abstract": "Segmental plate shells are an interesting option for the design and construction of cost-effective shell structures. They are composed of prefabricated segmental plates that are joined together to become an integral structure that generates a shell action and transfers external loads into membrane forces. However, connections between segmental plates nearly always weaken shell structures as they disturb the material continuity and thus their stiffness.\r\nThe application of finger joint connections can effectively increase the in-plane stiffness and thus makes plate shell structures stiffer and stronger. Moreover, they attract more forces to flow through the connection in the form of in-plane shears instead of axial forces and thus reduce the load in the axial direction of a connection. As a result, the application of finger joints allows a lighter axial joint design with smaller screw diameters, which is preferred in a thin timber plate structure.\r\nThe paper presents the Landesgartenschau Exhibition Hall as a successful demonstrator for segmental timber plate shells and highlights the design of the finger joint connections.", "language" : "eng", "doi" : "https://doi.org/10.1260/0266-3511.30.2.123", "bibtexKey": "li2015segmental" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/24c235e74cf4c80e8dca7d74edba569f7/itke", "tags" : [ "2017","bechert","bending-active","biomimetic","finger","from:petraheim","itke","joint","knippers","robotic","segments","shell","sonntag","timber" ], "intraHash" : "4c235e74cf4c80e8dca7d74edba569f7", "interHash" : "d76f6db7cca45c642c901244097e1625", "label" : "Biomimetic timber shells made of bending-active segments", "user" : "itke", "description" : "", "date" : "2020-05-22 14:25:15", "changeDate" : "2020-05-25 08:11:20", "count" : 2, "pub-type": "article", "journal": "International Journal of Space Structures", "year": "2017", "url": "", "author": [ "Daniel Sonntag","Simon Bechert","Jan Knippers" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Daniel", "last" : "Sonntag"}, {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"} ], "volume": "Vol. 32","number": "(3-4)","pages": "149 \u2013 159","abstract": "In the research field of segmented timber shells, two construction systems have lately received much attention, which both expose interesting structural and constructional characteristics: planar plate structures made of thin plywood and actively bent plywood structures. The research presented in this article combines elements of both approaches, resulting in a construction system for segmented shell structures with elastically bent elements. The increasing complexity of this approach requires a sophisticated design process, which integrates fabrication constraints as well as structural feedback. As a consequence, form-finding strategies of bending-active timber shells are discussed, with a special focus on the programming of the stiffness distribution in order to fulfil geometrical requirements. The authors also reflect on the specific structural challenges of joining thin sheets of plywood by transferring traditional textile connection methods to timber construction. Investigations of biological role models such as the sand dollar led to transfers of constructional principles on different levels. The resulting construction system was validated through the design and construction of a full-scale architectural prototype", "language" : "eng", "bibtexKey": "sonntag2017biomimetic" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/23c2ec097195960820df11e523ad2ca74/itke", "tags" : [ "process","production","compleity","segmented","knippers","robotic","shell","groenewolt","structure","horn","2018","affordance","itke","from:petraheim","evaluation","krieg","timber","menges","bechert" ], "intraHash" : "3c2ec097195960820df11e523ad2ca74", "interHash" : "4850b340964db8c28cc95ec331f0500c", "label" : "Affordances of Complexity: Evaluation of a Robotic Production Process for Segmented Timber Shell Structures", "user" : "itke", "description" : "", "date" : "2020-05-22 14:22:38", "changeDate" : "2020-05-22 12:22:38", "count" : 2, "pub-type": "inproceedings", "booktitle": "WCTE, Proceedings of the 2018 World Conference on Timber Engineering","address":"Seoul, Korea", "year": "2018", "url": "", "author": [ "Oliver D. Krieg","Simon Bechert","Abel Groenewolt","Raphael Horn","Jan Knippers","Achim Menges" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Oliver D.", "last" : "Krieg"}, {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"}, {"first" : "Abel", "last" : "Groenewolt"}, {"first" : "Raphael", "last" : "Horn"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"}, {"first" : "Achim", "last" : "Menges"} ], "pages": "1 - 8", "language" : "eng", "bibtexKey": "krieg2018affordances" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/23c2ec097195960820df11e523ad2ca74/petraheim", "tags" : [ "2018","affordance","bechert","compleity","evaluation","groenewolt","horn","itke","knippers","krieg","menges","process","production","robotic","segmented","shell","structure","timber" ], "intraHash" : "3c2ec097195960820df11e523ad2ca74", "interHash" : "4850b340964db8c28cc95ec331f0500c", "label" : "Affordances of Complexity: Evaluation of a Robotic Production Process for Segmented Timber Shell Structures", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2020-05-20 14:08:08", "changeDate" : "2020-06-02 10:07:21", "count" : 2, "pub-type": "inproceedings", "booktitle": "WCTE, Proceedings of the 2018 World Conference on Timber Engineering","address":"Seoul, Korea", "year": "2018", "url": "", "author": [ "Oliver D. Krieg","Simon Bechert","Abel Groenewolt","Raphael Horn","Jan Knippers","Achim Menges" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Oliver D.", "last" : "Krieg"}, {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"}, {"first" : "Abel", "last" : "Groenewolt"}, {"first" : "Raphael", "last" : "Horn"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"}, {"first" : "Achim", "last" : "Menges"} ], "pages": "1 - 8", "language" : "eng", "bibtexKey": "krieg2018affordances" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/2f111b48ee538c0a6f154e3c7705500a9/petraheim", "tags" : [ "2015","adaptic","baharlou","behavioural","composite","compression","design","dörstelmann","fabrication","fiber","framework","itke","knippers","koslowski","menges","pneumatic","prado","robotic","schieber","shell","vasey" ], "intraHash" : "f111b48ee538c0a6f154e3c7705500a9", "interHash" : "6781df1d9f3eaac3c0febf40aaad0835", "label" : "Behavioural Design and Adaptic Robotic Fabrication of Fiber Composite Compresion Shell with Pneumatic Formwork", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2020-05-19 14:24:15", "changeDate" : "2020-06-02 10:08:04", "count" : 1, "pub-type": "inproceedings", "booktitle": "Acadia 2015","address":"Cincinnati, Ohio, US", "year": "2015", "url": "", "author": [ "Lauren Vasey","E. Baharlou","Moritz Dörstelmann","Valentin Koslowski","Marshall Prado","Gundula Schieber","Achim Menges","Jan Knippers" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Lauren", "last" : "Vasey"}, {"first" : "E.", "last" : "Baharlou"}, {"first" : "Moritz", "last" : "Dörstelmann"}, {"first" : "Valentin", "last" : "Koslowski"}, {"first" : "Marshall", "last" : "Prado"}, {"first" : "Gundula", "last" : "Schieber"}, {"first" : "Achim", "last" : "Menges"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"} ], "pages": "297 \u2013 309", "language" : "eng", "bibtexKey": "vasey2015behavioural" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/24c235e74cf4c80e8dca7d74edba569f7/petraheim", "tags" : [ "2017","bechert","bending-active","biomimetic","finger","itke","joint","knippers","robotic","segments","shell","sonntag","timber" ], "intraHash" : "4c235e74cf4c80e8dca7d74edba569f7", "interHash" : "d76f6db7cca45c642c901244097e1625", "label" : "Biomimetic timber shells made of bending-active segments", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2020-05-14 18:00:29", "changeDate" : "2020-06-02 10:12:33", "count" : 2, "pub-type": "article", "journal": "International Journal of Space Structures", "year": "2017", "url": "", "author": [ "Daniel Sonntag","Simon Bechert","Jan Knippers" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Daniel", "last" : "Sonntag"}, {"first" : "Simon", "last" : "Bechert"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"} ], "volume": "Vol. 32","number": "(3-4)","pages": "149 \u2013 159","abstract": "In the research field of segmented timber shells, two construction systems have lately received much attention, which both expose interesting structural and constructional characteristics: planar plate structures made of thin plywood and actively bent plywood structures. The research presented in this article combines elements of both approaches, resulting in a construction system for segmented shell structures with elastically bent elements. The increasing complexity of this approach requires a sophisticated design process, which integrates fabrication constraints as well as structural feedback. As a consequence, form-finding strategies of bending-active timber shells are discussed, with a special focus on the programming of the stiffness distribution in order to fulfil geometrical requirements. The authors also reflect on the specific structural challenges of joining thin sheets of plywood by transferring traditional textile connection methods to timber construction. Investigations of biological role models such as the sand dollar led to transfers of constructional principles on different levels. The resulting construction system was validated through the design and construction of a full-scale architectural prototype", "language" : "eng", "bibtexKey": "sonntag2017biomimetic" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/230c3b51b4e8755899c7835dc87a3e0f6/petraheim", "tags" : [ "2015","application","exhibition","finger","gmünd","hall","itke","joint","knippers","landesgartenschau","li","lightweight","müllerblaustein","peer-reviewed","plate","robotic","schwäbisch","segmental","shell","structure","timber" ], "intraHash" : "30c3b51b4e8755899c7835dc87a3e0f6", "interHash" : "23830758523e6a7c9fffb831970fe94f", "label" : "Segmental Timber Plate Shell for the Landesgartenschau Exhibition Hall in Schwäbisch Gmünd the Application of Finger Joints in Plate Structures", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2020-05-14 15:26:23", "changeDate" : "2020-06-02 10:17:54", "count" : 2, "pub-type": "article", "journal": "International Journal of Space Structures","publisher":"sage", "year": "2015", "url": "", "author": [ "Jian-Min Li","Jan Knippers" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Jian-Min", "last" : "Li"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"} ], "volume": "Vol. 30","number": "No. 2","abstract": "Segmental plate shells are an interesting option for the design and construction of cost-effective shell structures. They are composed of prefabricated segmental plates that are joined together to become an integral structure that generates a shell action and transfers external loads into membrane forces. However, connections between segmental plates nearly always weaken shell structures as they disturb the material continuity and thus their stiffness.\r\nThe application of finger joint connections can effectively increase the in-plane stiffness and thus makes plate shell structures stiffer and stronger. Moreover, they attract more forces to flow through the connection in the form of in-plane shears instead of axial forces and thus reduce the load in the axial direction of a connection. As a result, the application of finger joints allows a lighter axial joint design with smaller screw diameters, which is preferred in a thin timber plate structure.\r\nThe paper presents the Landesgartenschau Exhibition Hall as a successful demonstrator for segmental timber plate shells and highlights the design of the finger joint connections.", "language" : "eng", "doi" : "https://doi.org/10.1260/0266-3511.30.2.123", "bibtexKey": "li2015segmental" } , { "type" : "Publication", "id" : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/2e5b2fc6e8231550abe40d8f24cd0bd42/petraheim", "tags" : [ "2015","architecture","biomimetic","design","fabrication","geometry","itke","knippers","krieg","li","menges","plat","robotic","schmitt","schwieger","schwinn","shell","structures","timber" ], "intraHash" : "e5b2fc6e8231550abe40d8f24cd0bd42", "interHash" : "f457358d430d8a4fbcc11b242238832b", "label" : "Biomimetic Lightweight Timber Plate Shells: Computational Integration of Robotic Fabrication, Architectural Geometry and Structural Design.", "user" : "petraheim", "description" : "", "date" : "2020-05-08 12:57:08", "changeDate" : "2020-07-02 14:58:49", "count" : 7, "pub-type": "inbook", "booktitle": "Advances in Architectural Geometry 2014","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","address":"Cham, Heidelberg, New York", "year": "2015", "url": "", "author": [ "Oliver David Krieg","Tobias Schwinn","Achim Menges","Jian-Min Li","Jan Knippers","A. Schmitt","V. Schwieger" ], "authors": [ {"first" : "Oliver David", "last" : "Krieg"}, {"first" : "Tobias", "last" : "Schwinn"}, {"first" : "Achim", "last" : "Menges"}, {"first" : "Jian-Min", "last" : "Li"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"}, {"first" : "A.", "last" : "Schmitt"}, {"first" : "V.", "last" : "Schwieger"} ], "editor": [ "Philippe Block","Jan Knippers","Niloy J. Mitra","Wenping Wang" ], "editors": [ {"first" : "Philippe", "last" : "Block"}, {"first" : "Jan", "last" : "Knippers"}, {"first" : "Niloy J.", "last" : "Mitra"}, {"first" : "Wenping", "last" : "Wang"} ], "pages": "109 \u2013 126","abstract": "The research presented in this paper pursues the development and construction of a robotically fabricated, lightweight timber plate system through a biologically informed, integrative computational design method. In the first part of the paper, the authors give an overview of their approach starting with the description of the biological role model and its technical abstraction, moving on to discuss the computational modelling approach that integrates relevant aspects of biomimetics, robotic fabrication and structural design. As part of the validation of the research, a full-scale, fully enclosed, insulated and waterproof building prototype has been developed and realized: The first building featuring a robotically fabricated primary structure made of beech plywood. Subsequently, the methods and results of a geodetic evaluation of the fabrication process are presented. Finally, as the close collaboration between architects, structural and geodetic engineers, and timber fabricators is integral to the process, the architectural and structural potentials of such integrative design processes are discussed.", "isbn" : "978-3-319-11417-0", "language" : "eng", "doi" : "10.1007/978-3-319-11418-7", "bibtexKey": "krieg2015biomimetic" } ] }