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         "author": [ 
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            	{"first" : "Simon",	"last" : "Bechert"},
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         "number": "October","pages": "1--8","abstract": "Segmented timber shells offer the possibility of constructing long span, double curved shell structures efficiently and economically. This was demonstrated with the Landesgartenschau Exhibition Hall 2014 in Schwäbisch Gmünd [1], a prefabricated segmented timber shell made of planar beech plywood plates. However, the application of this construction method for larger spans and more general shell geometries requires further technical development of the construction system, of its associated fabrication methods, and of the methods for form finding and optimisation. This paper presents the development and construction of the wood pavilion for the Bundesgartenschau (Federal garden exhibition, BUGA) 2019 in Heilbronn, which translates these technical developments into practice. Solid timber panels were replaced by a recently developed multi-layer cassette system. The 376 geometrically unique elements of the multi-layer segmented shell were produced of spruce laminated veneer lumber plates, which were assembled, glued, and milled in a fully automated process by two collaborative industrial robots. The shell segments are connected using a combination of the previously established CNC-milled finger-joints [2] as well as regularly spaced steel bolts. Custom design and analysis tools were developed, in order to manage varying material thicknesses, spacing of fasteners and geometric details of the connections between adjacent segments.",
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         "eventtitle" : "IASS Annual Symposium 2019 \u2013 Structural Membranes 2019",
         
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         "number": "October","pages": "1--8","abstract": "Segmented timber shells offer the possibility of constructing long span, double curved shell structures efficiently and economically. This was demonstrated with the Landesgartenschau Exhibition Hall 2014 in Schwäbisch Gmünd [1], a prefabricated segmented timber shell made of planar beech plywood plates. However, the application of this construction method for larger spans and more general shell geometries requires further technical development of the construction system, of its associated fabrication methods, and of the methods for form finding and optimisation. This paper presents the development and construction of the wood pavilion for the Bundesgartenschau (Federal garden exhibition, BUGA) 2019 in Heilbronn, which translates these technical developments into practice. Solid timber panels were replaced by a recently developed multi-layer cassette system. The 376 geometrically unique elements of the multi-layer segmented shell were produced of spruce laminated veneer lumber plates, which were assembled, glued, and milled in a fully automated process by two collaborative industrial robots. The shell segments are connected using a combination of the previously established CNC-milled finger-joints [2] as well as regularly spaced steel bolts. Custom design and analysis tools were developed, in order to manage varying material thicknesses, spacing of fasteners and geometric details of the connections between adjacent segments.",
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         "eventtitle" : "IASS Annual Symposium 2019 \u2013 Structural Membranes 2019",
         
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         "booktitle": "Proceedings of the IASS Annual Symposium 2019 \u2013 Structural Membranes 2019","address":"Barcelona, Spain",
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         "url": "", 
         
         "author": [ 
            "Jorge Christie","Jonathan James Solly","Simon Bechert","Jan Knippers"
         ],
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            	{"first" : "Jorge",	"last" : "Christie"},
            	{"first" : "Jonathan James",	"last" : "Solly"},
            	{"first" : "Simon",	"last" : "Bechert"},
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         "editor": [ 
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            	{"first" : "C.",	"last" : "Lázaro"},
            	{"first" : "K.-U.",	"last" : "Bletzinger"},
            	{"first" : "E.",	"last" : "Oñate"}
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         "pages": "2627\u20132634","abstract": "Funicular shells are known to be an efficient design paradigm for self-weight-driven structural surfaces [1]. Nevertheless, the rules that govern funicularity offer a fairly constrained design spectrum, limiting the scope of application for these structures [2]. The principle of corrugation has proven to be an effective approach to enable efficient structural performance in non-funicular thin shells [3]. The research presented in this paper explores the use of corrugation methods for shells in the context of a computational and structural design workflow. As an extension to existing methods, the authors introduce work on Dynamic Corrugation, a strategy for increasing bending and buckling performance on non-funicular global designs by modulating the undulation of their surfaces according to bending stress distribution.\r\nThe bending-driven dynamic corrugation method was developed during the Form and Structure seminar of the ITECH programme at the University of Stuttgart and was evaluated through the design of a non-funicular funnel shell in textile concrete. The method consists of a two-step Shape Optimization workflow that integrates NURBS-based surface generation with FEA and a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA). In a first step of the design workflow, the initial design surface is analyzed to give its bending energy vector field. This field then serves as the source to generate a modulation curve passing through the areas of peak bending stresses. This curve then regulates the frequency, amplitude, and influence of local bending on the corrugation. The MOGA is given control over these variables and attempts to minimize both bending moment and displacements, offering a wide spectrum of performances and expressions along the emerging Pareto front. Simultaneously, the introduction of local curvature is evaluated on its capacity to improve the buckling resistance and to allow reductions in material thickness. The presented iterative approach is incorporated in a computational design framework. A series of Dynamic Corrugation-optimized shell samples are then compared with the initial non-corrugated design showing great structural (improved bending and buckling resistance), as well as economical and ecological (material savings) potential. Further, the expressive value of dynamically corrugated shells is deemed as a contribution to the aesthetic value of a design proposal for a small infrastructural building.",
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         "author": [ 
            "Jorge Christie","Jonathan James Solly","Simon Bechert","Jan Knippers"
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            	{"first" : "Jonathan James",	"last" : "Solly"},
            	{"first" : "Simon",	"last" : "Bechert"},
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            "C. Lázaro","K.-U. Bletzinger","E. Oñate"
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            	{"first" : "C.",	"last" : "Lázaro"},
            	{"first" : "K.-U.",	"last" : "Bletzinger"},
            	{"first" : "E.",	"last" : "Oñate"}
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         "pages": "2627\u20132634","abstract": "Funicular shells are known to be an efficient design paradigm for self-weight-driven structural surfaces [1]. Nevertheless, the rules that govern funicularity offer a fairly constrained design spectrum, limiting the scope of application for these structures [2]. The principle of corrugation has proven to be an effective approach to enable efficient structural performance in non-funicular thin shells [3]. The research presented in this paper explores the use of corrugation methods for shells in the context of a computational and structural design workflow. As an extension to existing methods, the authors introduce work on Dynamic Corrugation, a strategy for increasing bending and buckling performance on non-funicular global designs by modulating the undulation of their surfaces according to bending stress distribution.\r\nThe bending-driven dynamic corrugation method was developed during the Form and Structure seminar of the ITECH programme at the University of Stuttgart and was evaluated through the design of a non-funicular funnel shell in textile concrete. The method consists of a two-step Shape Optimization workflow that integrates NURBS-based surface generation with FEA and a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA). In a first step of the design workflow, the initial design surface is analyzed to give its bending energy vector field. This field then serves as the source to generate a modulation curve passing through the areas of peak bending stresses. This curve then regulates the frequency, amplitude, and influence of local bending on the corrugation. The MOGA is given control over these variables and attempts to minimize both bending moment and displacements, offering a wide spectrum of performances and expressions along the emerging Pareto front. Simultaneously, the introduction of local curvature is evaluated on its capacity to improve the buckling resistance and to allow reductions in material thickness. The presented iterative approach is incorporated in a computational design framework. A series of Dynamic Corrugation-optimized shell samples are then compared with the initial non-corrugated design showing great structural (improved bending and buckling resistance), as well as economical and ecological (material savings) potential. Further, the expressive value of dynamically corrugated shells is deemed as a contribution to the aesthetic value of a design proposal for a small infrastructural building.",
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         "label" : "Potential applications of segmented shells in architecture",
         "user" : "itke",
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         "date" : "2020-05-22 14:29:51",
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         "booktitle": "Biomimetics for Architecture","publisher":"De Gruyter","address":"Berlin, Boston",
         "year": "2019", 
         "url": "", 
         
         "author": [ 
            "Tobias Schwinn","Daniel Sonntag","Tobias Grun","James H. Nebelsick","Jan Knippers","Achim Menges"
         ],
         "authors": [
         	
            	{"first" : "Tobias",	"last" : "Schwinn"},
            	{"first" : "Daniel",	"last" : "Sonntag"},
            	{"first" : "Tobias",	"last" : "Grun"},
            	{"first" : "James H.",	"last" : "Nebelsick"},
            	{"first" : "Jan",	"last" : "Knippers"},
            	{"first" : "Achim",	"last" : "Menges"}
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         "editor": [ 
            "Jan Knippers","Ulrich Schmid","Thomas Speck"
         ],
         "editors": [
         	
            	{"first" : "Jan",	"last" : "Knippers"},
            	{"first" : "Ulrich",	"last" : "Schmid"},
            	{"first" : "Thomas",	"last" : "Speck"}
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         "pages": "116--125","abstract": "In architectural research, pavilions play a special role because, as temporary structures, they present an opportunity to investigate specific issues without having to fulfill all requirements for permanent buildings. The findings resulting from this investigation can then be utilized in the design and implementation of permanent buildings. In this contribution we describe the context in which the Rosenstein Timber Pavilion was created, and the special issues that were investigated in the project, as well as the knowledge gained from it. In addition, we provide an outlook on other current research topics in the field of segmented timber shells and their application in architecture.",
         "file" : ":C$\\backslash$:/Users/localicdtschw/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Schwinn et al/Biomimetics for Architecture/Schwinn et al. - 2019 - Potential applications of segmented shells in architecture.pdf:pdf",
         
         "doi" : "10.1515/9783035617917-015",
         
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         "booktitle": "Proceedings of IASS Annual Symposium 2019 \u2013 Structural Membranes 2019 Form and Force","address":"Barcelona, Spain",
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         "author": [ 
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            	{"first" : "Hanaa",	"last" : "Dahy"},
            	{"first" : "Jan",	"last" : "Petrs"},
            	{"first" : "D.H.",	"last" : "Bos"},
            	{"first" : "Piotr",	"last" : "Baszynski"},
            	{"first" : "P. H.W.",	"last" : "Habraken"},
            	{"first" : "Pattrick M.",	"last" : "Teuffel"}
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         "id"   : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/23deeb5503876f4dd0bc18ac935a3d134/petraheim",         
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         "label" : "Experimental Biocomposite Pavilion: Segmented Shell Construction - Design, Material Development, and Erection",
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         "year": "2019", 
         "url": "", 
         
         "author": [ 
            "Hanaa Dahy","Piotr Baszynski","Jan Petrs"
         ],
         "authors": [
         	
            	{"first" : "Hanaa",	"last" : "Dahy"},
            	{"first" : "Piotr",	"last" : "Baszynski"},
            	{"first" : "Jan",	"last" : "Petrs"}
         ],
         
         "language" : "eng",
         
         "bibtexKey": "dahy2019experimental"

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         "type" : "Publication",
         "id"   : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/20c5ebd603ac7a8dd756c660cb13f69b2/petraheim",         
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            "2019","architecture","biomimetic","bionik","grun","itke","knippers","menges","nebelsick","schwinn","semented","shell","sonntag"
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         "intraHash" : "0c5ebd603ac7a8dd756c660cb13f69b2",
         "interHash" : "c84145324efde7612425a2f3de1d6ac3",
         "label" : "Potential applications of segmented shells in architecture",
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         "date" : "2020-05-07 13:44:08",
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         "booktitle": "Biomimetics for Architecture","publisher":"De Gruyter","address":"Berlin, Boston",
         "year": "2019", 
         "url": "", 
         
         "author": [ 
            "Tobias Schwinn","Daniel Sonntag","Tobias Grun","James H. Nebelsick","Jan Knippers","Achim Menges"
         ],
         "authors": [
         	
            	{"first" : "Tobias",	"last" : "Schwinn"},
            	{"first" : "Daniel",	"last" : "Sonntag"},
            	{"first" : "Tobias",	"last" : "Grun"},
            	{"first" : "James H.",	"last" : "Nebelsick"},
            	{"first" : "Jan",	"last" : "Knippers"},
            	{"first" : "Achim",	"last" : "Menges"}
         ],
         
         "editor": [ 
            "Jan Knippers","Ulrich Schmid","Thomas Speck"
         ],
         "editors": [
         	
            	{"first" : "Jan",	"last" : "Knippers"},
            	{"first" : "Ulrich",	"last" : "Schmid"},
            	{"first" : "Thomas",	"last" : "Speck"}
         ],
         "pages": "116--125","abstract": "In architectural research, pavilions play a special role because, as temporary structures, they present an opportunity to investigate specific issues without having to fulfill all requirements for permanent buildings. The findings resulting from this investigation can then be utilized in the design and implementation of permanent buildings. In this contribution we describe the context in which the Rosenstein Timber Pavilion was created, and the special issues that were investigated in the project, as well as the knowledge gained from it. In addition, we provide an outlook on other current research topics in the field of segmented timber shells and their application in architecture.",
         "file" : ":C$\\backslash$:/Users/localicdtschw/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Schwinn et al/Biomimetics for Architecture/Schwinn et al. - 2019 - Potential applications of segmented shells in architecture.pdf:pdf",
         
         "doi" : "10.1515/9783035617917-015",
         
         "bibtexKey": "Schwinn2019"

      }
	  
   ]
}
