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      {
         "type" : "Publication",
         "id"   : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/22f25a1adb4eeebb5ccf477386453f217/inspo5",         
         "tags" : [
            "Urinary","bladder","Stimulation","Stress\u2013strain-relationship","Biological","tissue","soft","Adaptation"
         ],
         
         "intraHash" : "2f25a1adb4eeebb5ccf477386453f217",
         "interHash" : "0aba6dffcddeb953c4db46121e64f033",
         "label" : "Reproducibility of smooth muscle mechanical properties in consecutive stretch and activation protocols",
         "user" : "inspo5",
         "description" : "",
         "date" : "2025-03-24 14:33:50",
         "changeDate" : "2025-03-24 14:33:50",
         "count" : 1,
         "pub-type": "article",
         "journal": "Pfluegers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology",
         "year": "2025", 
         "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-025-03075-7", 
         
         "author": [ 
            "Simon Kiem","Stefan Papenkort","Mischa Borsdorf","Markus Böl","Tobias Siebert"
         ],
         "authors": [
         	
            	{"first" : "Simon",	"last" : "Kiem"},
            	{"first" : "Stefan",	"last" : "Papenkort"},
            	{"first" : "Mischa",	"last" : "Borsdorf"},
            	{"first" : "Markus",	"last" : "Böl"},
            	{"first" : "Tobias",	"last" : "Siebert"}
         ],
         
         "editor": [ 
            "Tobias Siebert"
         ],
         "editors": [
         	
            	{"first" : "Tobias",	"last" : "Siebert"}
         ],
         "abstract": "Mechanical organ models are crucial for understanding organ function and clinical applications. These models rely on input data regarding smooth muscle properties, typically gathered from experiments involving stimulations at different muscle lengths. However, reproducibility of these experimental results is a major challenge due to rapid changes in active and passive smooth muscle properties during the measurement period. Usually, preconditioning of the tissue is employed to ensure reproducible behavior in subsequent experiments, but this process itself alters the tissue's mechanical properties. To address this issue, three protocols (P1, P2, P3) without preconditioning were developed and compared to preserve the initial mechanical properties of smooth muscle tissue. Each protocol included five repetitive experimental cycles with stimulations at a long muscle length, varying in the number of stimulations at a short muscle length (P1: 0, P2: 1, P3: 2 stimulations). Results showed that P2 and P3 successfully reproduced the initial active force at a long length over five cycles, but failed to maintain the initial passive forces. Conversely, P1 was most effective in maintaining constant passive forces over the cycles. These findings are supported by existing adaptation models. Active force changes are primarily due to the addition or removal of contractile units in the contractile apparatus, while passive force changes mainly result from actin polymerization induced by contractions, leading to cytoskeletal stiffening. This study introduces a new method for obtaining reproducible smooth muscle parameters, offering a foundation for future research to replicate the mechanical properties of smooth muscle tissue without preconditioning.",
         "language" : "English",
         
         "issn" : "1432-2013",
         
         "doi" : "10.1007/s00424-025-03075-7",
         
         "bibtexKey": "Kiem2025"

      }
,
      {
         "type" : "Publication",
         "id"   : "https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/2c9d6af7c2177e721a536dbca7891c9f5/inspo5",         
         "tags" : [
            "components","fatigue","neuromuscular","electrical","pH","during","MRS","heterogeneity","three","stimulation"
         ],
         
         "intraHash" : "c9d6af7c2177e721a536dbca7891c9f5",
         "interHash" : "ca3646b5a6e2d9164e4872324a5321c4",
         "label" : "The pH heterogeneity in human calf muscle during neuromuscular electrical stimulation",
         "user" : "inspo5",
         "description" : "",
         "date" : "2022-07-19 11:10:29",
         "changeDate" : "2022-07-19 09:10:56",
         "count" : 1,
         "pub-type": "article",
         "journal": "Magnetic Resonance in Medicine","publisher":"Wiley",
         "year": "2016", 
         "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fmrm.26329", 
         
         "author": [ 
            "Norman Stutzig","Reinhard Rzanny","Kevin Moll","Alexander Gussew","Jürgen R. Reichenbach","Tobias Siebert"
         ],
         "authors": [
         	
            	{"first" : "Norman",	"last" : "Stutzig"},
            	{"first" : "Reinhard",	"last" : "Rzanny"},
            	{"first" : "Kevin",	"last" : "Moll"},
            	{"first" : "Alexander",	"last" : "Gussew"},
            	{"first" : "Jürgen R.",	"last" : "Reichenbach"},
            	{"first" : "Tobias",	"last" : "Siebert"}
         ],
         "volume": "77","number": "6","pages": "2097--2106","abstract": "Purpose\nThe aim of the study was to examine pH heterogeneity during fatigue induced by neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) using phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS). It is hypothesized that three pH components would occur in the 31P-MRS during fatigue, representing three fiber types.\n\nMethods\nThe medial gastrocnemius of eight subjects was stimulated within a 3-Tesla whole body MRI scanner. The maximal force during stimulation (Fstim) was examined by a pressure sensor. Phosphocreatine (PCr), adenosintriphosphate, inorganic phosphate (Pi), and the corresponding pH were estimated by a nonvolume-selective 31P-MRS using a small loop coil at rest and during fatigue.\n\nResults\nDuring fatigue, Fstim and PCr decreased to 27% and 33% of their initial levels, respectively. In all cases, the Pi peak increased when NMES was started and split into three different peaks. Based on the single Pi peaks during fatigue, an alkaline (6.76\u2009±\u20090.08), a medium (6.40\u2009±\u20090.06), and an acidic (6.09\u2009±\u20090.05) pH component were observed compared to the pH (7.02\u2009±\u20090.02) at rest.\n\nConclusion\nIt is suggested that NMES is able to induce pH heterogeneity in the medial gastrocnemius, and that the single Pi peaks represent the different muscle fiber types of the skeletal muscle. Magn Reson Med 77:2097\u20132106, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine",
         "doi" : "10.1002/mrm.26329",
         
         "bibtexKey": "Stutzig_2016"

      }
	  
   ]
}