{"4227971b3516b084125d1b37e8dcbac0petraheim":{"DOI":"","ISBN":"978-3-922302-32-2","ISSN":"","URL":"","abstract":"In the 21st century, as free form design gains popularity, free-form grid shells are becoming a universal structural solution, enabling merger of structure and facade into a single layer - a skin [31]. The subject of the presented work is the optimization of grid structures over some predefined free form shape, with the goal of generating\r\na stable and statically efficient structure. It is shown how combining design and FEM software in an iterative, Genetic Algorithms based, optimization process, stress and displacements in grid shell structures can be significantly reduced, whereby material can be saved and stability enhanced.\r\nWithin this research, design and static analysis software are combined in order to perform a statical optimization of grid shells,generated over a given free form surface. A plug-in for Rhinoceros 3D (software based on NURBS [44] geometry representation) is developed, that uses Genetic Algorithms as an optimization method and implements automated iterative calls to Oasys GSA (commercial FEM static analysis software) in order to generate a statically optimal grid shell. To make this possible, within this research some new types of automatic grid generation are developed. Voronoi\r\ndiagrams [11] were used together with the adapted Force-Density method [38] to develop a new type of grid structure that we called Voronax. In the presented work it was shown that, using the same free form surface, and using the same number of joints and structural members, we can generate much more efficient grid shells,\r\nwhen compared to the standard (uniform) grid structures, simply by modifying the structural grid, i.e., rearranging the structural members of the grid shell.\r\nThe work presented offers an explanation of the entire method and how it can be constructed. The results of the experiments are there to prove its efficiency and credibility. Once it is proved that the method works, its application can take various forms and be left to the creativity of the user and the requirements of the\r\nspecific project.","annote":"","author":[{"family":"Dimcic","given":"Milos"}],"citation-label":"dimcic2012structural","collection-editor":[{"family":"Knippers","given":"Jan"}],"collection-title":"Forschungsberichte aus dem Institut für Tragkonstruktionen und Konstruktives Entwerfen","container-author":[{"family":"Knippers","given":"Jan"}],"container-title":"","documents":[],"edition":"","editor":[{"family":"Knippers","given":"Jan"}],"event-date":{"date-parts":[["2012"]],"literal":"2012"},"event-place":"ITKE, Stuttgart, Germany","id":"4227971b3516b084125d1b37e8dcbac0petraheim","interhash":"62f2af1051cae336f6d6ec10e72fed49","intrahash":"4227971b3516b084125d1b37e8dcbac0","issue":"","issued":{"date-parts":[["2012"]],"literal":"2012"},"keyword":"2012 algorithm architecture based dimcic diss dissertation engineering forschungsbericht from:petraheim genetic grid itke optimisation optimization shell structural","misc":{"isbn":"978-3-922302-32-2","language":"eng"},"note":"","number":"","page":"","page-first":"","publisher":"Stuttgart: Institut für Tragkonstruktionen und Konstruktives Entwerfen","publisher-place":"ITKE, Stuttgart, Germany","status":"","title":"Structural Optimization of Grid Shells based on Genetic Algorithms","type":"thesis","username":"petraheim","version":"","volume":"32"},"83ad214b9fee18994f2efc8798f1e367itke":{"DOI":"","ISBN":"","ISSN":"","URL":"","abstract":"","annote":"","author":[{"family":"Fildhuth","given":"Thiemo"},{"family":"Lippert","given":"S."},{"family":"Knippers","given":"J"}],"citation-label":"fildhuth2012design","collection-editor":[{"family":"for Shell","given":"International Association"},{"family":"Structures","given":"Spatial"}],"collection-title":"","container-author":[{"family":"for Shell","given":"International Association"},{"family":"Structures","given":"Spatial"}],"container-title":"IASS-ACPS Conference Proceedings","documents":[],"edition":"","editor":[{"family":"for Shell","given":"International Association"},{"family":"Structures","given":"Spatial"}],"event-date":{"date-parts":[["2012","21-24 May"]],"literal":"2012"},"event-place":"Seoul, Korea","id":"83ad214b9fee18994f2efc8798f1e367itke","interhash":"9feea58a2d9fecb5b3e9bb108b9328f2","intrahash":"83ad214b9fee18994f2efc8798f1e367","issue":"","issued":{"date-parts":[["2012","21-24 May"]],"literal":"2012"},"keyword":"joint glass lippert 2012 knippers engineering shell design itke optimisation from:petraheim pattern fildhuth architecture","misc":{"language":"eng"},"note":"","number":"","page":"165 pp","page-first":"165","publisher":"International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures","publisher-place":"Seoul, Korea","status":"","title":"Design and Joint Pattern Optimisation of Glass Shells","type":"paper-conference","username":"itke","version":"","volume":""},"dd9bd77093acd0fd2fa6e874dcf59386itke":{"DOI":"","ISBN":"","ISSN":"","URL":"","abstract":"","annote":"","author":[{"family":"Fildhuth","given":"Thiemo"},{"family":"Lippert","given":"S."},{"family":"Knippers","given":"J"}],"citation-label":"fildhuth2012design","collection-editor":[],"collection-title":"","container-author":[],"container-title":"IASS-ACPS Conference Proceedings","documents":[],"edition":"","editor":[],"event-date":{"date-parts":[["2012","21-24 May"]],"literal":"2012"},"event-place":"Seoul, Korea","id":"dd9bd77093acd0fd2fa6e874dcf59386itke","interhash":"9feea58a2d9fecb5b3e9bb108b9328f2","intrahash":"dd9bd77093acd0fd2fa6e874dcf59386","issue":"","issued":{"date-parts":[["2012","21-24 May"]],"literal":"2012"},"keyword":"2012 architecture design engineering fildhuth from:petraheim glass itke joint knippers lippert optimisation pattern shell","misc":{"language":"eng"},"note":"","number":"","page":"165 pp","page-first":"165","publisher":"International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures","publisher-place":"Seoul, Korea","status":"","title":"Design and Joint Pattern Optimisation of Glass Shells","type":"paper-conference","username":"itke","version":"","volume":""},"02f4cf2a2b662be0a7d5a2986e22ba27itke":{"DOI":"","ISBN":"","ISSN":"","URL":"","abstract":"","annote":"","author":[{"family":"Fildhuth","given":"Thiemo"},{"family":"Lippert","given":"S."},{"family":"Knippers","given":"Jan"}],"citation-label":"fildhuth2012layout","collection-editor":[{"family":"Bos","given":""},{"family":"Louter","given":""},{"family":"Nijsse","given":""},{"family":"Veer","given":""}],"collection-title":"","container-author":[{"family":"Bos","given":""},{"family":"Louter","given":""},{"family":"Nijsse","given":""},{"family":"Veer","given":""}],"container-title":"Challenging Glass 3 Conference Proceedings","documents":[],"edition":"","editor":[{"family":"Bos","given":""},{"family":"Louter","given":""},{"family":"Nijsse","given":""},{"family":"Veer","given":""}],"event-date":{"date-parts":[["2012"]],"literal":"2012"},"event-place":"Delft","id":"02f4cf2a2b662be0a7d5a2986e22ba27itke","interhash":"30e20b9c81c2a47cd30361eb44436de4","intrahash":"02f4cf2a2b662be0a7d5a2986e22ba27","issue":"","issued":{"date-parts":[["2012"]],"literal":"2012"},"keyword":"joint strategies glass lippert 2012 knippers engineering shell layout itke optimisation from:petraheim pattern fildhuth architecture full","misc":{"language":"eng"},"note":"","number":"","page":"845","page-first":"845","publisher":"","publisher-place":"Delft","status":"","title":"Layout Strategies and Optimisation of Joint Patterns in Full Glass Shells","type":"paper-conference","username":"itke","version":"","volume":""},"eac279562202054b417feb936ac0f864itke":{"DOI":"","ISBN":"","ISSN":"","URL":"","abstract":"","annote":"","author":[{"family":"La Magna","given":"Riccardo"},{"family":"Waimer","given":"Frédéric"},{"family":"Knippers","given":"jan"}],"citation-label":"lamagna2012natureinspired","collection-editor":[{"family":"for Shell","given":"International Association"},{"family":"Structures","given":"Spatial"}],"collection-title":"","container-author":[{"family":"for Shell","given":"International Association"},{"family":"Structures","given":"Spatial"}],"container-title":"Proceedings of the International Symposium of the IASS-APCS Symposium","documents":[],"edition":"","editor":[{"family":"for Shell","given":"International Association"},{"family":"Structures","given":"Spatial"}],"event-date":{"date-parts":[["2012","21-24 May"]],"literal":"2012"},"event-place":"Seoul, Korea","id":"eac279562202054b417feb936ac0f864itke","interhash":"b679fea42d3d2919120d23b1e40322ff","intrahash":"eac279562202054b417feb936ac0f864","issue":"","issued":{"date-parts":[["2012","21-24 May"]],"literal":"2012"},"keyword":"waimer biomimetic nature scheme inspired magna 2012 knippers shell generation structure nature-inspired itke from:petraheim architecture","misc":{"language":"eng"},"note":"","number":"","page":"","page-first":"","publisher":"International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures","publisher-place":"Seoul, Korea","status":"","title":"Nature-inspired generation scheme for shell structures","type":"paper-conference","username":"itke","version":"","volume":""},"347a92ad7260628e0469545d04c28f15itke":{"DOI":"","ISBN":"","ISSN":"","URL":"","abstract":"","annote":"","author":[{"family":"Fildhuth","given":"Thiemo"},{"family":"Knippers","given":"Jan"}],"citation-label":"fildhuth2012considerations","collection-editor":[{"family":"Schneider","given":"J."},{"family":"Weller","given":"Bernhard"}],"collection-title":"","container-author":[{"family":"Schneider","given":"J."},{"family":"Weller","given":"Bernhard"}],"container-title":"Engineered Transparency Conference Proceedings","documents":[],"edition":"","editor":[{"family":"Schneider","given":"J."},{"family":"Weller","given":"Bernhard"}],"event-date":{"date-parts":[["2012"]],"literal":"2012"},"event-place":"Düsseldorf","id":"347a92ad7260628e0469545d04c28f15itke","interhash":"e66d702b9a5859775c4bb94ceffa3a86","intrahash":"347a92ad7260628e0469545d04c28f15","issue":"","issued":{"date-parts":[["2012"]],"literal":"2012"},"keyword":"curved architecure glass using bent assembling 2012 knippers engineering shell cold considerations itke from:petraheim element fildhuth full heat","misc":{"language":"eng"},"note":"","number":"","page":"135","page-first":"135","publisher":"","publisher-place":"Düsseldorf","status":"","title":"Considerations Using Heat Bent or Cold Bent, Curved Glass Elements for Assembling Full Glass Shells","type":"paper-conference","username":"itke","version":"","volume":""},"4227971b3516b084125d1b37e8dcbac0itke":{"DOI":"","ISBN":"978-3-922302-32-2","ISSN":"","URL":"","abstract":"In the 21st century, as free form design gains popularity, free-form grid shells are becoming a universal structural solution, enabling merger of structure and facade into a single layer - a skin [31]. The subject of the presented work is the optimization of grid structures over some predefined free form shape, with the goal of generating\r\na stable and statically efficient structure. It is shown how combining design and FEM software in an iterative, Genetic Algorithms based, optimization process, stress and displacements in grid shell structures can be significantly reduced, whereby material can be saved and stability enhanced.\r\nWithin this research, design and static analysis software are combined in order to perform a statical optimization of grid shells,generated over a given free form surface. A plug-in for Rhinoceros 3D (software based on NURBS [44] geometry representation) is developed, that uses Genetic Algorithms as an optimization method and implements automated iterative calls to Oasys GSA (commercial FEM static analysis software) in order to generate a statically optimal grid shell. To make this possible, within this research some new types of automatic grid generation are developed. Voronoi\r\ndiagrams [11] were used together with the adapted Force-Density method [38] to develop a new type of grid structure that we called Voronax. In the presented work it was shown that, using the same free form surface, and using the same number of joints and structural members, we can generate much more efficient grid shells,\r\nwhen compared to the standard (uniform) grid structures, simply by modifying the structural grid, i.e., rearranging the structural members of the grid shell.\r\nThe work presented offers an explanation of the entire method and how it can be constructed. The results of the experiments are there to prove its efficiency and credibility. Once it is proved that the method works, its application can take various forms and be left to the creativity of the user and the requirements of the\r\nspecific project.","annote":"","author":[{"family":"Dimcic","given":"Milos"}],"citation-label":"dimcic2012structural","collection-editor":[{"family":"Knippers","given":"Jan"}],"collection-title":"Forschungsberichte aus dem Institut für Tragkonstruktionen und Konstruktives Entwerfen","container-author":[{"family":"Knippers","given":"Jan"}],"container-title":"","documents":[],"edition":"","editor":[{"family":"Knippers","given":"Jan"}],"event-date":{"date-parts":[["2012"]],"literal":"2012"},"event-place":"ITKE, Stuttgart, Germany","id":"4227971b3516b084125d1b37e8dcbac0itke","interhash":"62f2af1051cae336f6d6ec10e72fed49","intrahash":"4227971b3516b084125d1b37e8dcbac0","issue":"","issued":{"date-parts":[["2012"]],"literal":"2012"},"keyword":"2012 algorithm architecture based dimcic diss dissertation engineering forschungsbericht from:petraheim genetic grid itke optimisation optimization shell structural","misc":{"isbn":"978-3-922302-32-2","language":"eng"},"note":"","number":"","page":"","page-first":"","publisher":"Stuttgart: Institut für Tragkonstruktionen und Konstruktives Entwerfen","publisher-place":"ITKE, Stuttgart, Germany","status":"","title":"Structural Optimization of Grid Shells based on Genetic Algorithms","type":"thesis","username":"itke","version":"","volume":"32"},"02f4cf2a2b662be0a7d5a2986e22ba27petraheim":{"DOI":"","ISBN":"","ISSN":"","URL":"","abstract":"","annote":"","author":[{"family":"Fildhuth","given":"Thiemo"},{"family":"Lippert","given":"S."},{"family":"Knippers","given":"Jan"}],"citation-label":"fildhuth2012layout","collection-editor":[{"family":"Bos","given":""},{"family":"Louter","given":""},{"family":"Nijsse","given":""},{"family":"Veer","given":""}],"collection-title":"","container-author":[{"family":"Bos","given":""},{"family":"Louter","given":""},{"family":"Nijsse","given":""},{"family":"Veer","given":""}],"container-title":"Challenging Glass 3 Conference Proceedings","documents":[],"edition":"","editor":[{"family":"Bos","given":""},{"family":"Louter","given":""},{"family":"Nijsse","given":""},{"family":"Veer","given":""}],"event-date":{"date-parts":[["2012"]],"literal":"2012"},"event-place":"Delft","id":"02f4cf2a2b662be0a7d5a2986e22ba27petraheim","interhash":"30e20b9c81c2a47cd30361eb44436de4","intrahash":"02f4cf2a2b662be0a7d5a2986e22ba27","issue":"","issued":{"date-parts":[["2012"]],"literal":"2012"},"keyword":"2012 architecture engineering fildhuth full glass itke joint knippers layout lippert optimisation pattern shell strategies","misc":{"language":"eng"},"note":"","number":"","page":"845","page-first":"845","publisher":"","publisher-place":"Delft","status":"","title":"Layout Strategies and Optimisation of Joint Patterns in Full Glass Shells","type":"paper-conference","username":"petraheim","version":"","volume":""},"eac279562202054b417feb936ac0f864petraheim":{"DOI":"","ISBN":"","ISSN":"","URL":"","abstract":"","annote":"","author":[{"family":"La Magna","given":"Riccardo"},{"family":"Waimer","given":"Frédéric"},{"family":"Knippers","given":"jan"}],"citation-label":"lamagna2012natureinspired","collection-editor":[{"family":"for Shell","given":"International Association"},{"family":"Structures","given":"Spatial"}],"collection-title":"","container-author":[{"family":"for Shell","given":"International Association"},{"family":"Structures","given":"Spatial"}],"container-title":"Proceedings of the International Symposium of the IASS-APCS Symposium","documents":[],"edition":"","editor":[{"family":"for Shell","given":"International Association"},{"family":"Structures","given":"Spatial"}],"event-date":{"date-parts":[["2012","21-24 May"]],"literal":"2012"},"event-place":"Seoul, Korea","id":"eac279562202054b417feb936ac0f864petraheim","interhash":"b679fea42d3d2919120d23b1e40322ff","intrahash":"eac279562202054b417feb936ac0f864","issue":"","issued":{"date-parts":[["2012","21-24 May"]],"literal":"2012"},"keyword":"2012 architecture biomimetic generation inspired itke knippers magna nature nature-inspired scheme shell structure waimer","misc":{"language":"eng"},"note":"","number":"","page":"","page-first":"","publisher":"International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures","publisher-place":"Seoul, Korea","status":"","title":"Nature-inspired generation scheme for shell structures","type":"paper-conference","username":"petraheim","version":"","volume":""},"83ad214b9fee18994f2efc8798f1e367petraheim":{"DOI":"","ISBN":"","ISSN":"","URL":"","abstract":"","annote":"","author":[{"family":"Fildhuth","given":"Thiemo"},{"family":"Lippert","given":"S."},{"family":"Knippers","given":"J"}],"citation-label":"fildhuth2012design","collection-editor":[{"family":"for Shell","given":"International Association"},{"family":"Structures","given":"Spatial"}],"collection-title":"","container-author":[{"family":"for Shell","given":"International Association"},{"family":"Structures","given":"Spatial"}],"container-title":"IASS-ACPS Conference Proceedings","documents":[],"edition":"","editor":[{"family":"for Shell","given":"International Association"},{"family":"Structures","given":"Spatial"}],"event-date":{"date-parts":[["2012","21-24 May"]],"literal":"2012"},"event-place":"Seoul, Korea","id":"83ad214b9fee18994f2efc8798f1e367petraheim","interhash":"9feea58a2d9fecb5b3e9bb108b9328f2","intrahash":"83ad214b9fee18994f2efc8798f1e367","issue":"","issued":{"date-parts":[["2012","21-24 May"]],"literal":"2012"},"keyword":"2012 architecture design engineering fildhuth glass itke joint knippers lippert optimisation pattern shell","misc":{"language":"eng"},"note":"","number":"","page":"165 pp","page-first":"165","publisher":"International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures","publisher-place":"Seoul, Korea","status":"","title":"Design and Joint Pattern Optimisation of Glass Shells","type":"paper-conference","username":"petraheim","version":"","volume":""}}