{"dda7c7842f8b627c739b615bde678e28inspo5":{"DOI":"10.1038/s41598-020-76625-x","ISBN":"","ISSN":"2045-2322","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76625-x","abstract":"Moment arm-angle functions (MA-a-functions) are commonly used to estimate in vivo muscle forces in humans. However, different MA-a-functions might not only influence the magnitude of the estimated muscle forces but also change the shape of the muscle's estimated force-angle relationship (F-a-r). Therefore, we investigated the influence of different literature based Achilles tendon MA-a-functions on the triceps surae muscle--tendon unit F-a-r. The individual in vivo triceps torque--angle relationship was determined in 14 participants performing maximum voluntary fixed-end plantarflexion contractions from 18.3°þinspace±þinspace3.2° plantarflexion to 24.2°þinspace±þinspace5.1° dorsiflexion on a dynamometer. The resulting F-a-r were calculated using 15 literature-based in vivo Achilles tendon MA-a-functions. MA-a-functions affected the F-a-r shape and magnitude of estimated peak active triceps muscle--tendon unit force. Depending on the MA-a-function used, the triceps was solely operating on the ascending limb (nþinspace=þinspace2), on the ascending limb and plateau region (nþinspace=þinspace12), or on the ascending limb, plateau region and descending limb of the F-a-r (nþinspace=þinspace1). According to our findings, the estimated triceps muscle--tendon unit forces and the shape of the F-a-r are highly dependent on the MA-a-function used. As these functions are affected by many variables, we recommend using individual Achilles tendon MA-a-functions, ideally accounting for contraction intensity-related changes in moment arm magnitude.","annote":"","author":[{"family":"Holzer","given":"Denis"},{"family":"Paternoster","given":"Florian Kurt"},{"family":"Hahn","given":"Daniel"},{"family":"Siebert","given":"Tobias"},{"family":"Seiberl","given":"Wolfgang"}],"citation-label":"Holzer2020","collection-editor":[],"collection-title":"","container-author":[],"container-title":"Scientific Reports","documents":[],"edition":"","editor":[],"event-date":{"date-parts":[["2020","11","11"]],"literal":"2020"},"event-place":"","id":"dda7c7842f8b627c739b615bde678e28inspo5","interhash":"12a4bf98a06f2d283088a3622f5e5b0d","intrahash":"dda7c7842f8b627c739b615bde678e28","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020","11","11"]],"literal":"2020"},"keyword":"joint maximum range estimation the corresponding muscle of Far angle working force TS on","misc":{"issn":"2045-2322","doi":"10.1038/s41598-020-76625-x"},"note":"","number":"1","page":"19559","page-first":"19559","publisher":"","publisher-place":"","status":"","title":"Considerations on the human Achilles tendon moment arm for in vivo triceps surae muscle--tendon unit force estimates","type":"article-journal","username":"inspo5","version":"","volume":"10"}}