{"dda7c7842f8b627c739b615bde678e28inspo5":{"DOI":"10.1038/s41598-020-76625-x","ISBN":"","ISSN":"2045-2322","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76625-x","abstract":"Moment arm-angle functions (MA-a-functions) are commonly used to estimate in vivo muscle forces in humans. However, different MA-a-functions might not only influence the magnitude of the estimated muscle forces but also change the shape of the muscle's estimated force-angle relationship (F-a-r). Therefore, we investigated the influence of different literature based Achilles tendon MA-a-functions on the triceps surae muscle--tendon unit F-a-r. The individual in vivo triceps torque--angle relationship was determined in 14 participants performing maximum voluntary fixed-end plantarflexion contractions from 18.3°þinspace±þinspace3.2° plantarflexion to 24.2°þinspace±þinspace5.1° dorsiflexion on a dynamometer. The resulting F-a-r were calculated using 15 literature-based in vivo Achilles tendon MA-a-functions. MA-a-functions affected the F-a-r shape and magnitude of estimated peak active triceps muscle--tendon unit force. Depending on the MA-a-function used, the triceps was solely operating on the ascending limb (nþinspace=þinspace2), on the ascending limb and plateau region (nþinspace=þinspace12), or on the ascending limb, plateau region and descending limb of the F-a-r (nþinspace=þinspace1). According to our findings, the estimated triceps muscle--tendon unit forces and the shape of the F-a-r are highly dependent on the MA-a-function used. As these functions are affected by many variables, we recommend using individual Achilles tendon MA-a-functions, ideally accounting for contraction intensity-related changes in moment arm magnitude.","annote":"","author":[{"family":"Holzer","given":"Denis"},{"family":"Paternoster","given":"Florian Kurt"},{"family":"Hahn","given":"Daniel"},{"family":"Siebert","given":"Tobias"},{"family":"Seiberl","given":"Wolfgang"}],"citation-label":"Holzer2020","collection-editor":[],"collection-title":"","container-author":[],"container-title":"Scientific Reports","documents":[],"edition":"","editor":[],"event-date":{"date-parts":[["2020","11","11"]],"literal":"2020"},"event-place":"","id":"dda7c7842f8b627c739b615bde678e28inspo5","interhash":"12a4bf98a06f2d283088a3622f5e5b0d","intrahash":"dda7c7842f8b627c739b615bde678e28","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020","11","11"]],"literal":"2020"},"keyword":"joint maximum range estimation the corresponding muscle of Far angle working force TS on","misc":{"issn":"2045-2322","doi":"10.1038/s41598-020-76625-x"},"note":"","number":"1","page":"19559","page-first":"19559","publisher":"","publisher-place":"","status":"","title":"Considerations on the human Achilles tendon moment arm for in vivo triceps surae muscle--tendon unit force estimates","type":"article-journal","username":"inspo5","version":"","volume":"10"},"c3e01e05c13c7df1767d793cd87277a1mhartmann":{"DOI":"10.1002/gamm.201110013","ISBN":"","ISSN":"1522-2608","URL":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gamm.201110013","abstract":"Ferroelectric materials are characterized by interaction-effects of\n\tmechanical and electrical fields due to different polarization directions\n\tof the unit cells. The relations between polarisation and electric\n\tfield and mechanical strain and electric field respectively can be\n\tdescribed by hysteresis curves. Some models, which describe the ferroelectric\n\tmaterial behaviour, e.g. [3], [8], rely on concepts close to elastoplasticity.\n\tWe use these ideas and derive variational evolution inequalities\n\tanalogously to elastoplastic models discussed in [1]. Based on these\n\tinequalities we formulate equivalent mathematical problems and get\n\tsome existence results. The formulation of variational evolution\n\tinequalities is a good starting point for numerical methods similar\n\tto elastoplasticity (� 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)","annote":"","author":[{"family":"Kutter","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Sändig","given":"Anna-Margarete"}],"citation-label":"kutter2011modeling","collection-editor":[],"collection-title":"","container-author":[],"container-title":"GAMM-Mitteilungen","documents":[],"edition":"","editor":[],"event-date":{"date-parts":[["2011"]],"literal":"2011"},"event-place":"","id":"c3e01e05c13c7df1767d793cd87277a1mhartmann","interhash":"72ee6ff7de36af3e9f85cfc93853cfb8","intrahash":"c3e01e05c13c7df1767d793cd87277a1","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2011"]],"literal":"2011"},"keyword":"Ferroelectric of maximum Variational Principle dissipation hysteresis, vorlaeufig inequality,","misc":{"issn":"1522-2608","doi":"10.1002/gamm.201110013"},"note":"","number":"1","number-of-pages":"5","page":"84--89","page-first":"84","publisher":"WILEY-VCH Verlag","publisher-place":"","status":"","title":"Modeling of ferroelectric hysteresis as variational inequality","type":"article-journal","username":"mhartmann","version":"","volume":"34"}}