Misc,

Pressure and volumetric flux measurements intended to scale relative permeability under steady state, co-flow conditions, in a PDMS micromodel

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Dataset, (2022)Related to: Valavanides, M., Karadimitriou, N., Steeb, H. (2022) "Flow-dependent relative permeability scaling for steady-state two-phase flow in porous media: Laboratory validation on a microfluidic network", SPWLA 63rd Annual Logging Symposium, Norway. doi: 10.30632/SPWLA-2022-0054.
DOI: 10.18419/darus-2816

Abstract

This dataset correlates to the submitted article to SPWLA, entitled “Flow dependent relative permeability scaling for steady-state two-phase flow in porous media: Laboratory validation on a microfluidic network”, by Valavanides et al. 2022. More specifically, this data set is the one used to create the graph shown in Figure 5 of the article. In this work, 12 co-flow experiments were carried out in a Poly-Di-Methyl-Siloxane (PDMS) micromodel. The objective of the work was to establish a single, universal characterization procedure for a given set of fluids and pore geometry, under any boundary flow conditions, and the explicit identification of the corresponding flow regimes (capillary, intermediate, viscous). The micromodel used, which served as the porous medium, was in all experiments the same physical porous medium. The micromodel was produced by following the standard optical and soft lithography techniques, meaning that a silicon wafer was prepared with the features of the flow network on it, and then the PDMS elastomer base was mixed with the curing agent at a ratio of 1:10, degassed, poured on top of the wafer, degassed, thermally cured, and then bonded with corona treatment. The dimensions of the pore space were 10 mm × 20 mm in the planar view, and a depth of 43 μm, constant throughout the entire pore space. The pore network was periodic in both principal orthogonal directions; it was made by tiling-up a basic network element in both directions; 3 periods along the longitudinal axis which is also the superficial flow direction, and 2 periods across the transverse axis. The pore size range was from 75 to 250 μm, with a mean size of 180 μm. The microfluidic chip was not treated in any way to tune or alter its surface electrostatic properties, and in its natural state it is hydrophobic. It was treated as such in the experiments too, with the two fluid phases involved being water dyed with a water-based ink, to create the contrast for visual evaluation of the flow, as the non-wetting phase, and Fluorinert FC-770, which served as the wetting phase. The addition of the ink in water did not alter its physical properties, meaning that the density and the viscosity of the final mixture was practically the same as those of pure water at the same temperature (20 degrees Celsius). During each experiment there was a fixed value for the volumetric flux of the wetting phase, corresponding to a fixed capillary number. The non-wetting phase was co-injected in the pore space for a variety of volumetric fluxes, incrementally ranging from 0.1 to 10 of this of the wetting phase. During this process, the corresponding volumetric fluxes of each phase was recorded at various time intervals, depending on the speed of the process, with the acquisition rate ranging from 0.5 Hz to 10 Hz, for slow and fast processes respectively. The introduction of the fluids in the pore space was done with two neMESYS mid pressure syringe pumps 1000N. Simultaneously, the entry pressure of each fluid was measured with pressure sensors from Elveflow©, either MPS0 or MPS2, for maximum pressures of 70 mbar and 1 bar, respectively. The logging of the measured data was done with QmixElements© and a personal computer.The data files are structured in the way of naming the wetting phase, in this case, Fluorinert FC-770, then the capillary number of the wetting phase, and then the volumetric flux at the boundary of the same phase. Inside the text files, the columns are structured in such a way that the first column corresponds to the relative sampling time, then the volumetric flux of the non-wetting phase, the corresponding pressure of the same phase, then the volumetric flux of the wetting phase, and finally the corresponding pressure of the same phase. The units for time are “seconds”, for fluxes are “ml/min”, and for pressures “mbar”.For further details about the measurements, please refer to the corresponding publication at the SPWLA, Valavanides et al., 2022.

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