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Problems and failure patterns of high pressure rotary seals and pertinent solutions for improvement

, and . Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Fluid Sealing, Bedfordshire, BHR Group, (2007)322.

Abstract

Rotating unions for hydraulic fluids are often sealed with high pressure rotary seals for pressures up to 30 MPa at low shaft speeds (mostly interrupted and swivelling). They are used, for example, in mobile hydraulic equipment (excavators) or machine tools (indexing tables). Usually many oil ducts have to be sealed on one shaft. Therefore it is necessary that the seal ring is narrow and mountable in turned grooves. Such seals are mostly made of PTFE-compound or polyurethane. Often seals fail prior their predetermined lifetime. Some problems arise due to extrusion via the gap between housing and shaft, or premature wear of the seal ring and the shaft. Other causes may be high friction forces producing overheating in the sealing contact. Besides these negative effects, likely to be found for all kinds of pressure seals, there are some other things that may cause problems. This is particularly the geometry of the high pressure rotary seals: the so-called “worm-effect”, e.g. the seal ring co-rotates with the shaft and the static seal twists because of the often changing pressures. In this paper, the various failure causes and difficulties are exhibited, explained and dealt with, in order to find solutions.

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