Abstract

Introduction and design principles The core part of every finite element program is the problem--dependent assembly and solution of the discretized problem. This holds for programs which solve the discrete problem on a fixed mesh as well as for adaptive methods which automatically adjust the underlying mesh to the actual problem and solution. In an adaptive iteration, the solution of a discrete system is necessary after each mesh change. A general finite element toolbox must provide flexibility in problems and finite element spaces while on the other hand this core part can be performed efficiently. Data structures are needed which allow an easy and efficient implementation of the problem--dependent parts and also allow to use adaptive methods, mesh modification algorithms, and solvers for linear and nonlinear discrete problems by calling library routines. Starting point for our considerations is the abstract concept of a finite element space defined (similar to the definition

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