Abstract
Biochips, of the microarray type, are fast becoming the default tool
for combinatorial chemical and biological analysis in environmental
and medical studies. Programmable biochips are miniaturized biochemical
labs that are physically and/or electronically controllable. The
technology combines digital photolithography, microfluidics and chemistry.
The precise positioning of the samples (e.g., DNA solutes or proteins)
on the surface of the chip in pico liter to nano liter volumes can
be done either by means of external forces (active devices) or by
specific geometric patterns (passive devices). The active devices
which will be considered here are nano liter fluidic biochips where
the core of the technology are nano pumps featuring surface acoustic
waves generated by electric pulses of high frequency. These waves
propagate like a miniaturized earthquake, enter the fluid filled
channels on top of the chip and cause an acoustic streaming in the
fluid which provides the transport of the samples. The mathematical
model represents a multiphysics problem consisting of the piezoelectric
equations coupled with multiscale compressible Navier-Stokes equations
that have to be treated by an appropriate homogenization approach.
We discuss the modeling approach and present algorithmic tools for
numerical simulations as well as visualizations of simulation results.
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