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Fast determination of beam properties of ultrafast lasers during materials processing using spectral X-ray

, , , and . (2023)

Abstract

Soft X-ray emission is a known occurrence observed while using ultrafast lasers with high irra-diances for laser material processing. The emitted X-radiation spectrum offers valuable insights into the interaction between the laser beam and the processed material at the zone of interaction, thus serving as a useful diagnostic tool for the laser beam. However, in order to effectively utilize the spectral information, it is crucial to obtain quick measurements of the X-ray emission. Unfortunate-ly, such measurements are often impeded by energy pile-up, which arises due to the short emission times and intense photon fluxes during each laser pulse. To address this challenge, a spectrometer was employed to detect the spectral X-ray emission resulting from laser processing at irradiances of up to 1.6.1014 W/cm². Additionally, a de-piling algorithm was employed to deduce the underlying spectrum free from pile-up effects. These spectra were acquired at different focal positions to ascer-tain the corresponding local irradiance and therefor enable an analysis of the laser beam's focusing properties. By utilizing the spectral X-ray emission, it becomes possible to measure beam character-istics at maximum average power and pulse energy achievable with modern laser systems.

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