%0 Conference Paper %1 herrmann_design_2015 %A Herrmann, Michael %A Wolf, Claudia %A Sobek, Werner %B Future Visions, IASS Symposium, August 17-20, 2015, Amsterdam, The Netherlands %D 2015 %K concrete concrete, constructions, design, efficiency functionally graded lightweight materials, multifunctionality of optimization, resources, sobek structural %P Paper 500575 %T Design and manufacturing of optimal structures made from functionally graded concrete %X Functional gradation of concrete elements makes it possible to align the internal behaviour of structural components with the specified structural and thermal performance requirements by manipulating the characteristics of the material, including its porosity, strength or rigidity, in up to three spatial dimensions. This principle can be applied to minimise the mass of the element and to create multi-functional properties. For instance, both the mass and the CO2 emissions of components in bending can be reduced significantly by using more lightweight concrete mixes in areas subject to comparatively small loads. Multi-functional, single-material elements open up another promising field of use. Functional gradation begins in the field of concrete technology where two extreme reference mixes with diametrically opposed characteristics are developed. During production, layered placement and shotcreting processes make it possible to implement the entire range of properties between the two reference mixes. Structural components can be manufactured in a reproducible manner due to the automated control of the manufacturing process and the use of a multi-axial manipulator. Automated production is preceded by the design of elements with graded densities. Structural optimisation methods are applied to achieve an optimal distribution of materials and characteristics within the structural component, which is also referred to as “gradation layout”. Numerical optimisation relies on numerical modelling of structural components, assuming a non-linear material behaviour. As part of the structural optimisation process, topology optimisation aims to achieve optimal material distribution within a defined design space. Certain portions of the material are either removed or shifted during the individual optimisation cycles. As far as reasonably possible, the remaining structure is utilised fully under a given loading. The material distribution strategy developed for this purpose is based on adjusting the SIMP (Solid Isotropic Material with Penalisation) approach to real-life concrete parameters. The developed numerical design methods provide the robot with a gradation layout, which is a digital blueprint for the manufacture of such components.

@inproceedings{herrmann_design_2015, abstract = {Functional gradation of concrete elements makes it possible to align the internal behaviour of structural components with the specified structural and thermal performance requirements by manipulating the characteristics of the material, including its porosity, strength or rigidity, in up to three spatial dimensions. This principle can be applied to minimise the mass of the element and to create multi-functional properties. For instance, both the mass and the CO2 emissions of components in bending can be reduced significantly by using more lightweight concrete mixes in areas subject to comparatively small loads. Multi-functional, single-material elements open up another promising field of use. Functional gradation begins in the field of concrete technology where two extreme reference mixes with diametrically opposed characteristics are developed. During production, layered placement and shotcreting processes make it possible to implement the entire range of properties between the two reference mixes. Structural components can be manufactured in a reproducible manner due to the automated control of the manufacturing process and the use of a multi-axial manipulator. Automated production is preceded by the design of elements with graded densities. Structural optimisation methods are applied to achieve an optimal distribution of materials and characteristics within the structural component, which is also referred to as “gradation layout”. Numerical optimisation relies on numerical modelling of structural components, assuming a non-linear material behaviour. As part of the structural optimisation process, topology optimisation aims to achieve optimal material distribution within a defined design space. Certain portions of the material are either removed or shifted during the individual optimisation cycles. As far as reasonably possible, the remaining structure is utilised fully under a given loading. The material distribution strategy developed for this purpose is based on adjusting the SIMP (Solid Isotropic Material with Penalisation) approach to real-life concrete parameters. The developed numerical design methods provide the robot with a gradation layout, which is a digital blueprint for the manufacture of such components.}, added-at = {2023-11-27T15:10:57.000+0100}, author = {Herrmann, Michael and Wolf, Claudia and Sobek, Werner}, biburl = {https://puma.ub.uni-stuttgart.de/bibtex/292b33c6475490f0583c8b75f9b29dc07/jmueller}, booktitle = {Future {Visions}, {IASS} {Symposium}, {August} 17-20, 2015, {Amsterdam}, {The} {Netherlands}}, interhash = {eddb9368f9853ab8e64cb408c727b7a9}, intrahash = {92b33c6475490f0583c8b75f9b29dc07}, keywords = {concrete concrete, constructions, design, efficiency functionally graded lightweight materials, multifunctionality of optimization, resources, sobek structural}, pages = {Paper 500575}, timestamp = {2023-11-27T15:10:57.000+0100}, title = {Design and manufacturing of optimal structures made from functionally graded concrete}, year = 2015 }